跨文化背景下机械类留学生实践能力培养探究
Exploration on the Cultivation of Practical Ability of Mechanical Students in Cross-Cultural Background

实践能力培养是机械类留学生在跨文化背景下求学普遍面临的问题。对来华机械类留学生实践能力培养进行研究，并提出完善机械类留学生实践能力培养的对策建议具有一定的现实意义。本研究对哈尔滨市高校中机械类留学生的实践能力培养情况进行了探究，采用了问卷调查、访谈和参与观察的方法。研究发现，高校对留学生的培养目标设定模糊、重视程度不够；双导师职责分工不清、实践基地利用率不高；留学生的评估指标过分教学化、不重视社会团体的作用。为进一步提高机械类留学生实践能力的培养，建议高校鼓励组织交流活动，重视实现培养目标；创建“双师同堂”模式、提高实践基地利用率；完善激励与反馈机制、重视社会团体的作用。
The cultivation of practical ability is a common problem faced by international students studying in mechanical engineering under the cross-cultural background. It is of practical significance to study the practical ability training of mechanical students in China and put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the practical ability training of mechanical students in China. This study probes into the cultivation of practical ability of students majoring in mechanical engineering in colleges and universities in Harbin, and adopts the methods of questionnaire survey, interview and participant observation. It is found that the setting of training goals for international students is vague and the degree of attention is not enough. Unclear division of duties and low utilization rate of practice base; The evaluation index of international students is too teaching and does not pay attention to the role of social groups. In order to further improve the training of the practical ability of mechanical students, it is suggested that colleges and universities encourage the organization of exchange activities and pay attention to the realization of training objectives, create “two teachers in the same hall” mode, improve the utilization rate of practice base, improve incentive and feed-back mechanisms and attach importance to the role of social groups.