网络流行语“内卷”语义及语用分析
Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis of Network Buzzword “Neijuan”

网络流行语是时代和社会的产物，反映了当代社会生活的现状，“内卷”一词以“旧瓶装新酒”的形式在网络上迅速走红，并一直流行至今。本文通过对“内卷”进行研究，分析出了它在语义上发生了三次转变，由最开始的学术名词到贬义色彩浓厚的非理性竞争义，再到如今的中性色彩的自嘲及内部竞争义。语义演变的途径包括隐喻、语义的解构、词语的扩大与泛化三方面。同时对它进行语用分析，发现它流行的原因主要与时代的诉求、科技的快速发展、社会心理的影响有关，并从语用功能方面，提出了“内卷”一词具有叙述评价、表达情感、语言习惯塑造、引发社会思考四大功能。
Network Buzzword is a product of the times and society, reflecting the current situation of contem-porary social life. The term “neijuan” quickly became popular on the internet in the form of “old bottled new wine” and has been popular to this day. This article studies “neijuan” and analyzes that it has undergone three semantic changes, from the initial academic term to the highly negative ir-rational competition meaning, and now to the neutral self deprecation and internal competition meaning. The ways of semantic evolution include metaphor, semantic deconstruction, and the ex-pansion and generalization of words. At the same time, a pragmatic analysis was conducted on it, and it was found that the main reasons for its popularity were related to the demands of the times, the rapid development of technology, and the influence of social psychology. From the perspective of pragmatic functions, the term “involution” was proposed to have four major functions: narrative evaluation, emotional expression, language habit shaping, and triggering social thinking.