论梁启超科学观的演变——以儒学与科学的关系问题为视角
On the Evolution of Liang Qichao’s Scientific View—From the Perspective of the Relationship between Confucianism and Science

梁启超作为晚清思想界的重要代表，切身经历了“西学东渐”的历史过程，对儒学与科学的关系问题具有充分的发言权。在科学观方面，梁启超历经了三个阶段。早期的梁启超坚守和推崇传统儒学的政治理念，希望通过其实现治国平天下的理想抱负，将科学看作技艺或工具而置于附属地位；中期的梁启超看到了西欧国家繁荣昌盛背后的科学因素，逐渐转向“科学主义”态度；晚年的梁启超重新反思儒学和科学的关系，对儒学和科学做出调和与划界，认为科学追求客观知识，而儒学则关注人生问题，二者的范围和局限不同。由此，梁启超的科学文化观臻于全面化和理性化。
Liang Qichao, as an important representative of the ideological circle in the late Qing Dynasty, personally experienced the historical process of “Western learning to the east”, and had a full say in the relationship between Confucianism and science. In the view of science, Liang Qichao went through three stages. In the early period, Liang Qichao adhered to and respected the political ideas of traditional Confucianism, hoping to realize the ideal ambition of governing the country and leveling the world through it, and placed science in a subordinate position as a skill or a tool. In the middle period, Liang Qichao saw the scientific factors behind the prosperity of Western European countries and gradually turned to the attitude of “scientism”. In his later years, Liang Qichao rethought the relationship between Confucianism and science, and made a reconciliation and demarcation be-tween Confucianism and science. He believed that science pursued objective knowledge, while Confucianism focused on life issues, and the scope and limitation of the two were different. From this, Liang Qichao’s view of science and culture was rounded and rationalized.