解构、死亡与对话：《上层林冠》中鲍尔斯的生态观
Deconstruction, Death and Dialogue: Richard Powers’s Ecological Views in The Overstory

美国小说家理查德？鲍尔斯(Richard Powers)于2018年出版小说《上层林冠》(The Overstory)。他通过八个平行故事，讲述了参加“木材战争”的九位环境保护者“生态自我”觉醒的过程。鲍尔斯从导致生态危机的人类中心主义出发，探究其“二元对立”思维模式的本质以及其导致的人性异化。他突出自然神性来实现自然的“复魅”，并解构二元论思维在精神和身体上的控制，最终达到“生态自我”的人性复归。鲍尔斯的生态思想不仅对应当代深层生态学向人类旧有的价值观念、行为方式以及社会思想文化机制转向的趋势，也与中国古代桑树崇拜的传统相契合。本文以深层生态学和弗洛姆的异化概念为理论基础，探讨了作品中体现的生态意识，揭示了鲍尔斯以解构、死亡与对话为核心的生态观，为实现合理化的现代生态型生活方式提供建议。
The American novelist Richard Powers published the novel The Overstory in 2018. Through eight parallel stories, he narrates the awakening process of the “ecological self” of nine environmentalists who participate in the “Timber War”. Starting from the anthropocentrism that leads to the ecological crisis, Powers delves into the essence of the “dichotomy” thinking model and the alienation of human nature that it brings about. He highlights the divinity of nature to achieve a “re-enchantment” of nature and deconstructs the control of the dualistic thinking pattern in the physical and spiritual realms, ultimately leading to the return to the “ecological self”. Powers’ ecological thoughts not only resonate with the contemporary trend of deep ecology that is shifting toward old human values, modes of behavior, and social-cultural mechanisms but also correspond to the ancient Chinese tradition of worshipping the mulberry tree. This paper, based on deep ecology and Fromm’s concept of alienation, explores the ecological consciousness manifested in the novel, revealing Powers’s ecological views centered on deconstruction, death, and dialogue, and finally attempting to provide suggestions for achieving a rationalized modern ecological lifestyle.