Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a nosological group which mainly
includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), it is
frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality. We initiated this
study with the aim of studying VTE in a cardiological hospital environment in a
regional hospital in Mali. Methodology: This was a descriptive study
with prospective recruitment over 1 year from June 20, 2019 to June 20, 2020,
covering patients hospitalized and followed in consultation in the cardiology
department of the Ségou regional hospital in Mali. Results:We collected 31 cases of VTE out of 366 patients, representing a frequency of 8.47%. The sex ratio was 0.88. VTE risk factors were dominated by
immobilization (29.03%), pregnancy and postpartum (16.12%), heart failure
(16.12%). The reason for consultation was dyspnea (93.54%) followed by chest
pain (83.87%). On admission the clinical manifestations were
tachycardia (74.19%), tachypnea (90.32%), muffled heart sounds (70.96%), global
heart failure syndrome (51.6%).
According to VTE probability scores; 51.61% of patients had an intermediate
clinical probability according to the simplified Wells score for PE and 54.84%
had an intermediate clinical probability for the simplified Geneva score for
DVT. D-Dimers were only performed in 12 patients (38.70%) and were elevated in
all. A chest CT angiogram showed PE in 90% of patients (n = 28/31). Venous
Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs showed venous thrombosis in 3 patients. Conclusion: Venous thromboembolism, although underdiagnosed, is common in our health
structures. Prevention, particularly heparinoprophylaxis and early recovery in
a hospital environment, remains the effective means of combating this
condition.
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