积极老龄化背景下农村留守老人养老问题研究——以安徽省砀山县C村为例
A Study of the Problem of Retained Elderly in Rural Areas in the Context of Positive Ageing—Taking C Village in Dangshan County, Anhui Province, as an Example

老龄化已成为当前人类社会共同面临的人口发展趋势。随着我国城镇化和人口老龄化进程加快，青壮年劳动力外出务工，传统的家庭养老模式逐渐被打破，同时农村社区养老、居家养老、机构养老功能发挥有限，农村留守老人的养老问题逐渐制约农村地区经济社会发展。为了解我国农村留守老人的生活保障和养老现状，促进我国养老体系进一步完善，选取安徽省砀山县C村为案例地，运用问卷法、访谈法和实地调研法分析该地农村留守老人的社会养老现状。研究发现当前C村农村养老服务存在子女养老支持减少，家庭养老功能减弱；基础设施建设薄弱，社区养老发展滞后；养老服务供给不足，机构养老质量偏低等问题。针对C村留守老人现存的养老问题，结合C村实际情况，提出弘扬孝道文化，支持家庭承担养老功能；创新养老模式，发展农村社区养老服务；增加财政补贴，推动养老机构提质增效三个层面的对策建议，以期促进该地区养老服务供给多元化、多样化发展。
Ageing has become a common demographic trend faced by human society. With the acceleration of China’s urbanisation and population ageing, due to factors such as young and middle-aged labourers going out to work, the traditional family pension model is gradually broken, while the rural community pension, home pension, institutional pension function is limited to play, the rural left-behind old people’s old age problem has gradually become a constraint on the economic and social development of the rural areas. In order to understand China’s rural left-behind elderly life security and pension status quo, to promote the further improvement of China’s pension system, select Dangshan County, Anhui Province, C village as a case study, use questionnaires, interviews, and field research method to analyse the current situation of the rural left-behind elderly social pensions. The study found that the current rural pension service in C village has problems such as the reduction of children’s pension support and the weakening of family pension function; weak infrastructure construction and lagging behind in the development of community pension; insufficient supply of pension service and low quality of institutional pension. In view of the existing pension problems of the left-behind elderly in C village, the study proposes three levels of countermeasures to promote filial piety culture and support families to assume the function of old-age care; to innovate the pension mode and develop rural community pension services; and to increase financial subsidies and promote the quality and efficiency of pension institutions, in order to promote the diversified development of the supply of old-age care in the region.