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基于丝素蛋白止血抗菌有机高分子材料的研究进展
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Abstract:
伤口止血在外科手术及医疗救护过程中起着至关重要的作用。目前，商业的止血材料，如纱布、明胶海绵和绷带等，可以通过封闭出血伤口表面，实现浅表伤口的止血，然而，内脏器官或中枢神经组织损伤后的快速有效止血与组织修复仍是临床难题。丝素蛋白(Silk fibroin)作为一种天然有机高分子，由于其良好的机械强度、低免疫原性以及良好的相容性等优势，已被广泛关注并应用于生物医学工程领域。基于层层自组装、静电纺丝以及冷冻干燥等材料合成技术，形式繁多的丝素蛋白止血材料已被成功研制，并具备出色的凝血性能。虽然丝素蛋白材料已广泛应用于止血，但其止血的分子机制仍不十分清楚。同时，缺乏抗菌能力也是限制其在生物医学应用的主要原因之一。因此，本综述讨论了当前研究中基于丝素蛋白的多功能止血材料的合成制备以及改性后的丝素蛋白抗菌生物材料，为今后设计和合成新型止血材料提供思路。
Wound haemostasis plays a crucial role in surgery and medical care. Currently, commercial hemostatic materials, such as gauze, gelatin sponges and bandages, can achieve hemostasis of wounds by sealing the surface of bleeding wounds. However, rapid hemostasis and effective repair of injured internal organs and central nervous systems still remain great clinical challenges. Silk fibroin is a kind of natural protein, which possesses excellent mechanical strength, low immunogenicity and good compatibility. It has been widely used in the field of biomedical engineering. Through material synthesis techniques such as layer-by-layer self-assembly, electrospinning, and freeze-drying, a myriad of silk fibrin based hemostatic materials have been successfully developed, exhibiting excellent coagulation properties. Although silk fibroin based biomaterials have been widely used for haemostasis, their molecular mechanisms of haemostasis are still poorly understood. Meanwhile, the lack of antibacterial capacity is one of the main reasons limiting their biomedical applications. Therefore, this review discusses the silk fibroin based hemostatic materials and modified silk protein antibacterial biomaterials in the current research and provides ideas for the design of new antibacterial hemostatic materials in the future.
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