城市小学地下空间设计研究
Research on Underground Space Design of Urban Primary School

随着素质教育的发展，城市小学的教学模式、教学类别、教学大纲和课程内容持续在变化，建成区学校由于用地限制只能满足规范中所要求的空间构成内容，却不能满足空间构成的数量和面积。且伴随着城镇化水平的提高，城镇人口密度增大的双重作用下，城市可建设用地面临供给不足，在这种限制条件下作为城市发展中必不可少的教育资源，小学建设用地的现存土地储备数量无法满足教育发展的使用要求，城市小学面临横向扩张空间不足的问题。为此，向上发展受相关法规限制，所以纵向向下扩张是目前小学校园规模扩张发展的主要模式与趋势。文章将调研城市小学地下空间的发展背景以及目前城市小学地下空间现状问题及需求，通过分析地下空间的设计要素围绕功能、物质技术条件以及空间形象三个方面的具体内容，提出提升与优化城市小学地下空间使用的设计策略。设计研究将强调提升地下空间的适用性，使之安全美观及耐用，而不仅仅是将地下用作人防工程、一般停车库或设备用房。校园空间地下化发展已成为未来城市校园的发展趋势，通过设计水平的提高，说明原本不适宜活动的校园地下空间也能够拥有较好的空间品质和形象使用，本文以期为未来的城市小学校园地下空间设计提供部分支持和经验借鉴。
With the development of quality education, the teaching mode, teaching category, teaching syllabus and course content of urban primary schools continue to change. Due to land restrictions, schools in built-up areas can only meet the requirements of the space composition content, but cannot meet the quantity and area of space composition. In addition, with the improvement of urbanization level and the increase of urban population density, urban constructable land is faced with insufficient supply. Under such restrictive conditions, as an indispensable educational resource in urban development, the existing land reserve of primary school construction land cannot meet the requirements of educational development, and urban primary schools are faced with the problem of insufficient space for horizontal expansion. Therefore, the upward development is restricted by relevant laws and regulations, so the vertical downward expansion is the main mode and trend of the expansion and development of primary school campus. This paper will investigate the development background of the underground space of urban primary schools as well as the current problems and demands of the underground space of urban primary schools. By analyzing the design elements of the underground space from three aspects: function, material and technical conditions and space image, the paper will propose design strategies to improve and optimize the use of the underground space of urban primary schools. Design studies will focus on improving the applicability of underground space to make it safe, beautiful and durable, rather than just using the underground for civil air defense projects, general parking garages or equipment. The underground development of campus space has become the development trend of urban campus in the future. Through the improvement of design level, it shows that the underground space of campus which is not suitable for activities can also have better spatial quality and image use. This paper hopes to provide some support and experience for the underground space design of