先秦时期社会治理思想比较研究——以儒道为例
A Comparative Study of Social Governance Thoughts in Pre-Qin Period—Taking Confucianism and Taoism as an Example

在中华文明五千年的发展进程中，先人给我们留下的思想文化是不可多得的一笔遗产。在这些灿烂的思想文化宝库中，社会治理思想历来为后世所仰慕，众多名家大师孜孜不倦地探讨其中所蕴含的哲学智慧。在这些深厚的社会治理意蕴中，儒家和道家的社会治理思想无疑是两颗最为璀璨的明珠。二者均从不同的角度阐发了各自的社会治理思想：在社会治理逻辑上，儒家主张人性本善的性善论，道家主张“惟道是从，道法自然”。在社会治理目标上，儒家主张恢复周礼，实现“天下大同”，道家主张实现“小国寡民”。在社会治理实现路径上，儒家主张“为国以礼，德主刑辅”，道家则是“无为而治”。本文将对二者的社会治理思想进行比较，得出二者通过提出自己的社会治理思想来达到各自施政的目的。
In the development of Chinese civilization for five thousand years, the thoughts and culture left by our ancestors are an indispensable legacy. In these splendid repositories of thoughts and culture, social governance thought has always been admired by later generations, the ancient philosophers have left us a rich ideological and cultural heritage, among which the social governance thought is the most admired by the later generations, and many famous masters have tirelessly discussed the philosophical wisdom contained in it. Among these profound social governance implications, the social governance thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism are undoubtedly the two most brilliant pearls. Both of them expound their social governance thoughts from different angles: In the logic of social governance, Confucianism advocates the nature of good human nature, while Taoism advocates “only follow the Tao and follow the natural law”. In terms of the goal of social governance, Confucianism advocates the restoration of the rites of Zhou and the realization of “great harmony in the world”, while Taoism advocates the realization of “small state and few people”. In the path of social governance, Confucianism advocates “to treat the state with courtesy and morality with punishment”, while Taoism advocates “to treat the state without doing anything”. This paper will compare the social governance thoughts of the two, and conclude that they achieve their respective goals of governance by putting forward their own social governance thoughts.