弗洛伊德人格结构理论视域下艾米丽的命运悲剧解析
The Interpretation of Emily’s Tragic Fate from the Perspective of Freud’s Structural Model of Personality

《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是美国南方文学的杰出代表威廉？福克纳最负盛名的短篇小说之一，讲述了没落的南方贵族后裔艾米丽小姐悲剧的一生。文章试图从弗洛伊德的三重人格结构理论来解析艾米丽失衡的三重人格，旨在探讨艾米丽人格失衡背后的扭曲心理以及其悲剧命运的外部诱因。根据分析，艾米丽一生都挣扎在“本我”和“超我”的不断冲突和“自我”的无力调节中，正常人所拥有的三重人格的动态平衡在艾米丽身上被打破，失衡的人格导致其扭曲的心理。艾米丽失衡人格的背后是父权制度下扭曲的家庭环境、南北战争激发的社会巨变以及其经历的稍纵即逝的爱情。
A rose for Emily is one of the William Faulkner’s most famous short stories, which tells the tragic life of Miss Emily, a descendant of the declining southern aristocracy. This article attempts to analyze Emily’s unbalanced triple personality through Freud’s theory of the tripartite structure of the personality. The aim is to explore the distorted psychology behind Emily’s personality imbalance, as well as the external factors leading to her tragic fate. Based on analysis, Emily spends her lifetime struggling with the incessant conflict between the Id and Superego, and the Ego’s inability to mediate. The dynamic balance of the three-tier personality which normal individuals possess is disrupted in Emily, resulting in her distorted psychology. Behind Emily’s unbalanced personality lies a distorted family environment under patriarchy, the drastic social changes sparked by the Civil War, and her fleeting experience of love.