基于5年OMI卫星数据分析长三角与珠三角臭氧廓线时间变化规律
Analysis of Typhoon Impact on Ozone Profile Changes in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta Based on 5-Year OMI Satellite Data

在各种观测方法中，卫星遥感具有覆盖范围广、时间序列长、重复频次高的优点，是目前最主要的观测大气臭氧的手段之一。本文选用2016.3~2021.2共5年OMI卫星数据，分析长三角与珠三角臭氧廓线年际、季节以及月份臭氧廓线时间变化规律，结果发现：1) 五年内，两地区臭氧廓线年、季节和月均臭氧廓线均呈双峰转置“M”型，这是由大气中臭氧主要存在于臭氧层，而臭氧层位于平流层；2) 年际特征上，长三角与珠三角臭氧廓线最低值、最高值、次峰值与谷值出现的层数一致，但长三角最低值、最高值与谷值均低于珠三角，而次峰值高于珠三角。与2016年相比，2020年长三角与珠三角16~15层平均臭氧浓度均呈现下降趋势外，其余层的平均臭氧浓度均呈现上升趋势。其中，臭氧浓度降低最明显的均为16层，臭氧浓度上升最明显的均为距地面最近的17层，这与社会发展伴随的生物排放增多密不可分；3) 季节特征上，两地区臭氧浓度最低值所在0层均呈现春夏 > 秋冬的季节特征，而两地臭氧浓度最高值、次峰值、谷值所在层以及离地面最近的17层臭氧浓度季节变化特征均不同，这是由两地区气候、动力传输、生物排放以及光化学作用等不同所致；4) 月份特征上，两地区最高值所在层均在1月出现臭氧浓度最大值，其余最低值、次峰值与谷值所在层在12个月中臭氧浓度最高与最低值出现的月份均不同。这也说明两地区在不同的大气环流影响下有不同的臭氧垂直分布特征。此外，还对两地区五年平均臭氧廓线进行函数拟合，函数拟合效果很好，输出的公式R2均接近1，分别为0.94和0.97，可为更深入研究两地区臭氧廓线提供支撑。
Among various observation methods, satellite remote sensing has the advantages of wide coverage, long time series, and high repetition frequency, making it one of the most important means of ob-serving atmospheric ozone at present. This article uses OMI satellite data from March 2016 to Feb-ruary 2021 to analyze the temporal changes of annual, seasonal, and monthly ozone profiles in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The results show that: 1) within five years, the annual, seasonal, and monthly average ozone profiles in both regions show a bimodal inverted “M” shape, which is due to the fact that ozone in the atmosphere mainly exists in the ozone layer, which is lo-cated in the stratosphere; 2) in terms of interannual characteristics, the lowest, highest, sub peak, and valley levels of ozone profiles in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are consistent, but the lowest, highest, and valley values in the Yangtze River Delta are lower than those in the Pearl River Delta, while the sub peak values are higher than those in the Pearl River Delta. Com-pared with 2016, in 2020, the average ozone concentration in the 16~15 layers of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta showed a downward trend, while the average ozone concentration in the other layers showed an upward trend. Among them, the most significant decrease in ozone concen-tration is in the 16th layer, while the most significant increase in ozone concentration is in the 17th layer closest to the ground, which is closely related to the increase in biological emissions accompa-nied by social development; 3) in terms of seasonal characteristics, the lowest ozone concentration in the 0 layer of the two regions shows a seasonal characteristic of spring and summer>autumn and winter, while the highest, second peak, valley values of ozone