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长江河口生态健康评价的关键问题与思考
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Abstract:
近年来，随着长江大保护战略的实施，长江保护修复不断深入，对于流域–河口–近海可持续发展的作用需要评估，河口生态健康研究对此有重要的意义。对于长江河口生态系统健康的评价研究已有不少，不同类别的评价方法所得的评价结果差异较大：利用生物群落指标(如生物完整性指数)评价的结果不容乐观，多数情况下处于极差或较差的状态，而利用多指标综合评价的结果尚可，2000 s中期以后好转，处于亚健康状态。本文针对现有的长江河口生态系统健康评价实践中关键问题也进行了分析，提出了改进和创新评价方法的思路，可为长江生态环境保护修复和科学管理提供科技支撑。
In recent years, the Yangtze River estuary ecosystem has been under increasing pressure with the rapid economic development, which restricts the sustainable development of the social economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to assess the ecosystem health status of the Yangtze River es-tuary. Since the connotation and standards of ecosystem health have not yet formed a unified cog-nition, there were various methods for the ecosystem health assessment of the Yangtze River es-tuary in previous studies, and the results of different methods varied greatly. However, most studies believed that the ecosystem health status of the Yangtze River estuary declined since the late 1990s and reached the worst level in the mid-2000 s. After that, the trend of slow recovery appeared, but the current condition was still not optimistic. In the future, it is still necessary to further clarify the connotation and standard of estuarine ecosystem health, innovate the methods of ecosystem health assessment, and study the trend of further development of ecological status, so as to provide a basis for ecological restoration and scientific management of the Yangtze River estuary.
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