符号学形意关系在中国古典园林中的应用研究
Research on the Application of Symbolic Form and Meaning Relations in Chinese Classical Gardens

目的：将符号学理论融入中国古典园林设计中，可以揭示出隐藏在设计之中的文化价值与意蕴内涵，也就可以将中国古典园林看作是一种具有能指、所指、传递与表达等功能集于一体的综合性符号体系，是由多种符号依照一定结构规律构成的、以传达内涵与文化的载体，这样的交叉研究具有一定的学术价值。方法：以符号学为研究视角，罗列并归纳出中国古典园林设计中的叠山、理水、置石三类形态符号及细部装饰与声色韵律两类意境符号，并通过实例分析总结中国古典园林设计中的形意关系。结果：中国古典园林的造园艺术早在唐宋时期就已经体现出了在设计中对符号的应用，不仅满足空间布局和功能上的需求，还通过符号揭示出了园林所隐藏的文化价值与意蕴内涵。中国古典园林设计的巧妙之处在于讲求形式美的同时，注重对意境美的把握。结论：中国古典园林是“形”和“意”的综合体，“形”是“意”的阐述基础，“意”是“形”的内涵延伸。有了“形”的存在，“意”才能进行意涵阐述与深层传达；同时，有了“意”的内涵延伸，“形”才有更具体、更丰富的呈现思路。
Purpose: Integrating semiotic theory into the design of Chinese classical gardens can reveal the cultural values and connotations hidden in the design. Chinese classical gardens can also be seen as a comprehensive symbol system with functions such as signifier, signified, transmission, and expression, which is a carrier composed of multiple symbols according to certain structural rules to convey connotations and culture, such cross research has certain academic value. Method: From the perspective of semiotics, this study lists and summarizes three types of morphological symbols in Chinese classical garden design: stacked mountains, water management, and stone placement, as well as two types of artistic conception symbols: detailed decoration and sound color rhythm. Through example analysis, this study summarizes the relationship between form and meaning in Chinese classical garden design. Result: The gardening art of Chinese classical gardens has already reflected the application of symbols in design as early as the Tang and Song Dynasties. It not only meets the needs of spatial layout and function, but also reveals the cultural value and connotation hidden in gardens through symbols. The cleverness of Chi-nese classical garden design lies in its emphasis on both formal beauty and the mastery of artistic conception. Conclusion: Chinese classical gardens are a synthesis of “form” and “meaning”. “Form” is the basis for explaining “meaning”, and “meaning” is an extension of the connotation of “form”. With the existence of “form”, “meaning” can only be elaborated and deeply conveyed; at the same time, with the extension of the connotation of “meaning”, “form” can have more specific and rich presentation ideas.