“三孩”政策背景下生育保险制度完善的路径探究
Research on the Path to Improve the Maternity Insurance System under the Background of the “Three-Child” Policy

全面系统、标准明确的生育保险制度是实现“三孩”政策目标的有利保障。然而，我国生育保险制度面临覆盖范围较窄、待遇水平不高、缴费主体单一、基金设置不当、法律责任难以追究以及立法层次低等诸多问题。为此，改革生育保险制度需要以完善生育保险内容为基础，并辅之以各项适当的政策和法律法规。亟需建立生育保险全民保障体系、采取差异化补贴措施、落实法律监督和法律责任、统一休产休假最低标准、统一生育缴费基数、并降低企业生育负担，切实保护女性的生育权益和就业权益。
A comprehensive and systematic maternity insurance system with clear standards is a favorable guarantee for achieving the goal of the “three-child” policy. However, China’s maternity insurance system faces many problems such as narrow coverage, low level of treatment, single contributor, inappropriate fund setting, difficult legal responsibility and low level of legislation. For this reason, reforming the maternity insurance system needs to be based on improving the content of maternity insurance and supplemented by various appropriate policies and laws and regulations. It is necessary to establish a universal maternity insurance protection system, adopt differentiated subsidy measures, implement legal supervision and legal responsibility, unify the minimum standard for maternity leave, unify the base for maternity contributions, and reduce the burden of maternity on enterprises to effectively protect women’s maternity rights and employment rights.