社会交换理论视角下社区治理路径研究——以重庆市T社区为例
Research on the Path of Community Governance from the Perspective of Social Exchange Theory—Taking T Community in Chongqing as an Example

社区治理是社会治理的重要组成部分，社区治理的好坏直接影响到社会的和谐稳定。本文以重庆市T社区为例，采用访谈法和观察法等方法，对社区中“居民–社会组织–政府”之间的交换关系进行研究，通过“组织–激励–行为”的分析框架对交换关系进行研究，从“内在酬赏”和“外在酬赏”的角度对社区治理过程中参与度低、治理混乱、政府效率低等方面的问题进行分析，发现造成这些问题的原因是社区居民对社区认同感较低、社会组织资源短缺以及相关法律法规不完善、政府责任意识不强和专业人才发展收到限制，并据此提出了促进居民参与社区治理、增强社会组织参与意愿、提高政府治理效率以及培养和引进人才的社区治理优化路径，多方努力共同推动社区治理的现代化。
Community governance is an important part of social governance, and the quality of community governance directly affects social harmony and stability. Taking T community in Chongqing as an example, this paper studies the exchange relationship among “residents-social organiza-tions-government” in the community by means of interviews and observation, and studies the exchange relationship through the analytical framework of “organization-incentive-behavior”, and analyzes the problems of low participation, chaotic governance and low government efficiency in the process of community governance from the perspectives of “internal reward” and “external reward”. It is found that the causes of these problems are the low sense of community identity of community residents, the shortage of social organization resources, the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations, the weak sense of government responsibility and the restrictions on the development of professional talents. Based on this, the optimization path of community governance is put forward to promote residents’ participation in community governance, enhance the willingness of social organizations to participate, improve the efficiency of government governance, and cultivate and introduce talents, so as to jointly promote the modernization of community governance.