普里斯特利《好伙伴》中的共同体书写
The Community Writing in The Good Companions by Priestly

J.B. 普里斯特利(John Boynton Priestly, 1894~1984)是二十世纪英国一位杰出的小说家，剧作家，评论家。他的长篇小说《好伙伴》于1929年首次问世，广受赞誉，被誉为普里斯特利的成名之作。该小说主要讲述了三位主人公由于不同的原因，从不同的处境和地方离家出走，踏上了流浪之旅，在流浪途中机缘巧合地凑在了一起，共同创建了名为“好伙伴”的流动歌舞剧团，加入到当地一个新的共同体中。德国社会学家滕尼斯是第一个将“共同体”从一般概念划分到社会学概念的学者，他将共同体划分为血缘、地缘、心缘共同体三种类型。通过滕尼斯的共同体的理论，本文剖析该剧中基于夫妻关系、父子关系的血缘共同体，基于沃什伯里学校的地缘共同体及基于精神共鸣的心缘共同体存在的不同程度的损伤。通过这些矛盾冲突揭示了二十世纪英国的社会现状。但普里斯特利并没有停留在勾勒共同体精神的缺失上，而是别出心裁地设计了“好伙伴剧团”这一共同体，表达了他对人与人之间建立情感共鸣的渴望，同时呼吁世人重拾对共同体的归属感和认同感。
John Boynton Priestly (1894-1984) is a prominent novelist, playwright and critic of the 20th cen-tury in Britain. The Good Companions was published in 1929, which endowed him with a good reputation at home and abroad. The novel primarily narrates the tale of three protagonists who, for various reasons and from different situations and places, leave home and embark on a journey of vagrancy. By chance, they join together on this journey and collectively establish a travelling song-and-dance troupe named “The Good Companions”. They join a new community in the local area. The German sociologist T？nnies is the first scholar to delineate “community” as a sociological concept, categorizing it into three types: community of blood, community of space and community of spirit. With the help of community theory, this paper aims to analyze the varying degrees of damage in a community of blood based on the martial and father-son relationship, a community of space based on an old-fashioned school in Washburn, and a community of spirit based on spiritual resonance. Through these conflicting tensions, the social contradictions of 20th-century Britain are revealed. However, Priestley doesn’t merely dwell on the absence of community spirit, but ingeniously designs “The Good Companions Troupe” as a community. In doing so, he expresses his longing for the establishment of emotional resonance among people, while simultaneously calling for the world to reclaim a sense of belonging and identification with the community.