The main objective of the study is to improve the removal efficiency of Ourlago-kaolin (Kao), sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), and two formulated clay-lime (F13 and F23) towards CI Acid Orange 52 dye (AO52). F13 and F23 were obtained by chemical stabilization through thermal treatment at 300°C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed different surface functional groups on the clay materials, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the raw materials contain many crystalline phases, scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the variation of the layered structures of different clay materials, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis micrographs revealed compositional information and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated the higher weight loss of 11.26% and 11.38% were observed for F13 and F23 respectively. BET surface area analyzed gave 133.0071 m2•g−1 for F13 and 132.34803 m2•g−1 for F23. The optimum pH value was 2.0 for Kao and Na-MMT. The adsorption experiments indicated that F13 and F23 have the maximum uptake abilities of 7.8740 and 3.1645 mg•g−1, respectively, compared to Kao (0.8761 mg•g−1) and Na-MMT (2.6178 mg•g−1). The pseudo-second-order model well described the adsorption kinetic model of AO52 dye onto the overall samples; Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms appropriately described the uptake mechanism. The positive values of ∆G° and negative value ∆H° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic for Na-MMT, and non-spontaneous and exothermic for Kao, F13, and F23 because of their positive values of ∆G° and negative value of ∆H°. The modified clays have higher adsorption capacities and better life cycles compared hence opening new avenues for efficient wastewater treatment.
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