情势变更制度类案分析——以中国裁判文书网50件案例为样本
Case-by-Case Analysis of the System of Change of Circumstances—Taking 50 Cases from China Judgment Documents Network as Samples

情势变更制度的完善对促进合同双方纠纷的解决具有重要意义。文章以50份法院裁判文书为基础，结合学界的相关理论研究，分析了情势变更制度在实践应用中存在的问题。研究结果显示，虽然相关法律对情势变更原则的适用进行了规定或解释，但是仍然存在“重大变化”、“明显不公平”的认定标准模糊、风险分配规则规定不清、司法实践中对情势变更制度的适用缺乏具体统一的适用标准的问题。因此，为了应对情势变更规则适用的争议，一方面需要通过案件分析，总结出高频次适用情势变更原则的几种情形；另一方面需要对情势变更制度的缺陷进行弥合，明确情势变更原则适用的要件标准，明晰适用情势变更制度的风险分配规则，强化与不可抗力法律制度的衔接，加强类似案例的研究，推进类似案件的判例制度建设，以对情势变更原则适用进行指导，为今后遇到类似案件的法院审理提供参考和借鉴，提高法院类似案件的审理质量和效率。
The perfection of the system of change of circumstances is of great significance to the settlement of disputes between the two parties in the contract. Based on 50 court documents and related theoretical research, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the practice of the system of change of circumstances. The research results show that relevant laws have stipulated or explained the application of the principle of change of circumstances, but there are still some problems such as “major changes” and “obviously unfair” identification criteria, unclear risk allocation rules, and the lack of specific and unified application standards for the application of the system of change of circumstances in judicial practice. Therefore, in order to deal with the dispute over the application of the rule of change of circumstances, on the one hand, it is necessary to summarize several situations in which the principle of change of circumstances is applied frequently through case analysis; on the other hand, it is necessary to bridge the defects of the change of circumstances system, clarify the criteria for the application of the principle of the change of circumstances, clarify the risk allocation rules for the application of the system of the change of circumstances, strengthen the connection with the legal system of force majeure, strengthen the study of similar cases, and promote the precedent system construction of similar cases to guide the application of the principle of the change of circumstances. It will provide reference and guidance for the court hearing of similar cases in the future, and improve the quality and efficiency of the court hearing of similar cases.