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基于水供给服务流的滇池流域生态补偿区域划分与标准测算研究
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Abstract:
水供给服务流对流域的水循环和水量平衡，以及人类的生存和发展起到至关重要的作用。由于生态系统服务具有流动性和空间异质性，水供给服务的供给和需求往往存在不匹配的问题，而生态补偿是协调相关利益主体、实现流域内经济–社会–生态协调可持续发展的有效手段。本文以滇池流域为例，基于流域2020年土地覆被、气象观测和统计年鉴等数据，采用供需平衡模型计算滇池流域产水量和需水量，利用水供给服务价值量模型计算滇池流域生态补偿额度，采用生态补偿优先级法确定优先受偿区域。结果表示：① 滇池流域生态补偿的支付区，为五华区、盘龙区、呈贡区和官渡区；生态补偿的受偿区，为西山区、晋宁县和嵩明县。② 根据生态补偿优先级的排序，五华区应当率先支付，其次为官渡区、呈贡区和盘龙区；嵩明县应当最先受到补偿，其次为晋宁县、西山区。③ 滇池流域生态补偿总额度为2.47亿元，其中水供给服务每公顷应受偿/支付4535元。
Water supply service flow plays a vital role in the water cycle and water balance, as well as the survival and development of human beings. Due to the mobility and spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services, the supply and demand of water supply services often do not match, ecological compensation is an effective means to coordinate the relevant stakeholders and realize the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology in the basin. Taking the Dian Lake River basin as an example, this paper adopted the supply-demand balance model to calculate the water production and water demand of the Dian Lake River basin based on the data of land cover, meteorological observations and statistical yearbook in 2020, the water supply service value model was used to calculate the ecological compensation amount in the Dian Lake River basin, and the priority area was determined by the ecological compensation priority method. The results showed that 1) the payment areas of ecological compensation in the Dian Lake basin were Wuhua District, Panlong District, Chenggong and Guandu District, and the payment areas of ecological compensation were Xishan District, Jinning County and Songming County. 2) According to the priority of ecological compensation, Wuhua District should be the first to pay, followed by Guandu District, Chenggong and Panlong District, and Songming County should be the first to receive compensation, followed by Jinning County and Xishan District. 3) The total amount of ecological compensation in the Dian Lake River basin is 247 million yuan, of which 4,535 yuan per hectare is compensation payment for water supply services.
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