论上诉不加刑原则的适用
On the Application of the Principle of no Additional Punishment on Appeal

上诉不加刑原则是保障被告人上诉权的一项重要审判原则，准确把握其内涵和精神，有助于维护上诉制度，充分保障被告人的合法权利。但是，在司法实践中存在刑罚轻重的判断、检察机关抗诉求轻时二审法院是否应受上诉不加刑原则的限制等难题。在认罪认罚案件中，被告人的上诉行为与认罪认罚从宽制度提高诉讼效率、节约司法成本以应对高犯罪率的价值目标存在抵牾。从审级监督、检察监督、认罪认罚从宽制度三个视角来看，我国“上诉不加刑原则”这一表述存在一定的局限性，将其更名为“禁止不利变更原则”更有助于服务于司法实践。检察机关抗诉案件基于审级监督制度与检察监督的价值导向，但检察机关抗诉求轻时与被告人的上诉也存在一定的一致性。此外，认罪认罚案件中被告人也应当受上诉不加刑原则的保护，但基于认罪认罚从宽制度的价值导向，应当对其上诉权进行合理的限制。
The principle of no additional penalty on appeal is an important trial principle to protect the de-fendant’s right to appeal. Accurately grasping its connotation and spirit helps to maintain the appeal system and fully safeguard the defendant’s legitimate rights. However, in judicial practice, there are difficulties in determining the severity of punishment, and whether the second instance court should be subject to the principle of no additional penalty on appeal when the procuratorial organs protest for leniency. In cases of confession and punishment, the defendant’s appeal behavior contradicts the value goal of improving litigation efficiency and saving judicial costs in response to high crime rates through the lenient system of confession and punishment. From the perspectives of trial level supervision, prosecutorial supervision, and leniency system for confession and punishment, there are certain limitations to the expression of the principle of “no additional punishment on appeal” in China. Renaming it as the “principle of prohibiting adverse changes” is more helpful in serving judicial practice. The prosecution’s protest cases are based on the value orientation of the trial level supervision system and prosecutorial supervision, but there is also a certain consistency between the prosecution’s plea for leniency and the defendant’s appeal. In addition, the defendant in a case of confession and punishment should also be protected by the principle of no additional punishment on appeal. However, based on the value orientation of the leniency system for confession and punishment, reasonable restrictions should be placed on their right to appeal.