离结率高趋势下我国离婚冷静期制度完善之探析
Analysis of the Perfection of Divorce Cooling-Off Period System in China under the Trend of High Separation Rate

近年来，我国离婚率日益上升，结婚率持续走低，其引发的社会问题较为突出。良好的婚姻家庭关系是社会有序发展的重要基石。在此背景下，我国在《民法典》中规定了夫妻双方协议离婚办理登记有30日的离婚冷静期，即在受理离婚申请之日起30日后双方再一同前往的，方可办理离婚登记。这是结合我国离婚现状，为防止轻率离婚探索设立的方案模式。该制度具有一定的合理性，但是经研究发现，此项制度在具体适用上有些笼统且不够具有针对性，存在着适用范围未作区分、适用期限不够灵活、特殊情形没有规定以及配套制度不够健全等不足之处。为了使冷静期制度更好地彰显立法价值及合理高效地发展，建议从明确规定适用范围、弹性设置适用期限、增加例外情形规定以及健全相关配套制度等方面加以完善，以此促进我国社会婚姻家庭关系的良性发展和有序运行。
In recent years, the divorce rate in China has been increasing, and the marriage rate has continued to decline, and the social problems caused by it are more prominent. Good marriage and family relations is an important cornerstone of the orderly operation of society. In this context, China stipulates in the Civil Code that there is a 30-day divorce cooling-off period for divorce registration, that is, the divorce registration can only be handled if the two parties go together 30 days after the date of accepting the divorce application. This is a scheme model to prevent hasty divorce based on the current situation of divorce in China. The system has certain rationality, but it is found that the system is a little general and not targeted in the specific application, and there are some deficiencies such as the scope of application is not differentiated, the application period is not flexible enough, the special situation is not stipulated and the supporting system is not perfect. In order to make the cooling-off period system better highlight the legislative value and reasonable and efficient development, it is suggested to improve it from the aspects of clearly stipulating the applicable scope of application, the flexible application period, the increase of exceptional circumstances and the im-provement of relevant supporting systems, so as to promote the benign development and orderly operation of Chinese social marriage and family relations.