Introduction: Coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) often presents several serious complications in patients. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency is considered a risk factor for severe forms of the disease. Objective: The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with COVID-19 in Parakou in 2021. Methods: The method used was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection that covered the period of August 1, 2021, to December 30, 2021. It concerned patients with COVID-19, symptomatic or not, in the commune of Parakou, selected by non-probability sampling. The 25(OH)D assay was performed by an enzyme immunoassay using the heterogeneous phase competition technique. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with 25(OH)D deficiency at the 5% threshold. Results: A total of 197 patients with COVID-19 were included in the study with a mean age of 35.4 ± 15.2 years; with a female predominance (52.3%). The overall prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 31.5% (95% CI [25.1 - 38.5]); it was 32.0% in females and 30.8% in males. 25(OH)D deficiency was more observed in patients ≥ 60 years than in patients < 60 years with no significant difference (p = 0.121), and in females (32.0%) than in males (30.8%) with no significant difference either (p = 0.857). Diabetes (p = 0.036), overweight or obesity (p = 0.032), severe disease forms (p = 0.003) and rhinitis (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with 25(OH)D deficiency. Conclusion: One-third of patients with COVID-19 in Parakou in 2021 were 25(OH)D deficient. 25(OH)D deficiency is associated with the severe form of the disease and with comorbidities justifying supplementation of this vitamin to patients with COVID-19.
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