海绵住宅区LCZ关键要素实地测量与特性分析
A Field Study on the LCZ Properties of Sponge Communities

局地气候区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)理论是综合考虑空间几何要素和下垫面热物理特性对室外热环境的综合作用的城市热环境区域分类方法，广泛应用于城市热岛(Urban Heat Island, UHI)等研究。海绵城市工程正在全国各地进行，海绵住宅区的下垫面发生较为明显的变化，主要表现为人工渗透性铺装和下沉式绿地等措施的广泛应用，改造后LCZ关键要素发生较为显著的变化。本研究以青岛李沧区海绵城市试点区为例，通过实地调研、卫星影像光谱信息等途径获得海绵住宅区的LCZ空间特性指标，量化分析各海绵住宅区LCZ空间特性参数的分布规律，同时明确海绵城市工程中采用的各种人工渗透性下垫面材料，对其实施功能进行分类总结，将其热物理特性和结构参数进行归纳，并据此推测海绵住宅区局地气候趋势：气温日变化与年变化幅度减小，整体降水减少，湿度保持稳定，风力减小，UHI效应明显减弱。本研究可为海绵城市局地气候发展演变过程和海绵城市热环境特性研究提供基础信息。
The local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme is an urban spatial classification method that considers the comprehensive effects of spatial geometric elements and thermophysical properties of the under-lying surfaces on the outdoor thermal environment. It is widely used in studying Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena. The Sponge City (SPC) project has been being carried out all over China since 2012. Sponge communities have undergone apparent changes, mainly manifested in the widespread application of permeable pavement and green infrastructure, which leads to changes in the LCZ properties. This study takes the SPC pilot area in Licang District, Qingdao as an example. We obtained the LCZ characteristic parameters of sponge communities through field surveys and satellite images. The LCZ parameters are summarized, and accordingly, the local climate trend of the sponge communities is inferred. SPC construction may decrease local air temperature and overall precipitation, which can somewhat alleviate the UHI effect. Moreover, we classify and summarize various artificial permeable materials used in the sponge city, including their thermophysical and structural properties. This study can provide basic information on the thermal environment characteristics of sponge communities, facilitating the record of local climate development with the evolution of sponge cities.