医疗说明义务及其法律责任研究
Research on the Obligation of Medical Instructions and Its Legal Liability

医疗说明作为医务人员的法定义务，已经成为了世界各国的普遍共识。医疗说明义务的义务主体应该是医务人员，医疗说明义务对应的权利主体原则上是患者本人和患者的监护人，例外情形是患者近亲属。医疗说明义务的内容包括多种具体类型。违反说明义务医疗损害责任构成要件中的违法行为表现为违反医疗义务，损害事实表现为侵害患者的知情权和隐私权等权利，同时应当满足因果关系和过错责任要件。根据违反医疗说明义务类型的不同，应该承担不同的法律责任。
As the legal obligation of medical personnel, medical instructions have become a universal consensus in the world. The subject of the obligation of medical instructions should be the medical staff, and the subject of the right corresponding to the obligation of medical instructions is the patient himself and the patient’s guardian in principle, and sometimes the patient’s close relatives. The content of the obligation of medical instructions includes many specific types. The illegal behavior in the constitutive elements of the obligation to explain the liability for medical damage is manifested as the violation of the medical obligation, and the fact of damage is manifested as the infringement of the right to know and privacy of the patient, and the requirements of causality and fault liability should be satisfied. Legal liability varies according to the type of breach of the obligation to provide medical instructions.