《监察法》中被调查人权利保障立法问题研究
Research on the Legislative Issue of the Protection of the Rights of the Respondents in the Supervision Law

我国监察体制改革之后，监察权从行政权中独立出来，得到了与立法权、司法权、行政权相同的地位。《监察法》赋予监察委员会调查职务违法犯罪的职责，使其拥有了对被调查人采取留置措施以及调查取证的权力，监察法治和监察全覆盖需要对权力和权利进行双向兼顾。有权必有责、用权受监督，有权力就会存在权力被滥用的问题，监察权需要强有力的人权保障机制防止权力被滥用。《监察法》自颁布实施以来，已经出现了源自于《监察法》立法本身带来的被调查人的权利受到和可能受到侵害的问题，这些问题不容忽视，亟待解决。本文从被调查人权利保障视角出发，探究《监察法》中被调查人的规范内涵及权利保障的法理依据，厘清《监察法》在立法层面中被调查人权利保障可能或已经存在的问题，最后对《监察法》中被调查人权利保障的立法完善提出思考和建议。
After the reform of China’s supervision system, the supervisory power was separated from the executive power and gained the same status as the legislative, judicial and administrative powers. The Supervision Law gives the Supervision Commission the duty to investigate violations and crimes committed in the course of duty, giving it the power to take lien measures against the person under investigation and to investigate and collect evidence. Monitoring the rule of law and monitoring full coverage requires a two-way balance between power and rights. Power must have responsibilities, the use of power is subject to supervision, and if there is power, there will be the problem of abuse of power, and supervision power needs a strong human rights protection mechanism to prevent the abuse of power. Since the promulgation and implementation of the Supervision Law, there have been issues arising from the legislation of the Supervision Law itself that have caused the rights of the persons under investigation and may be violated, which cannot be ignored and need to be solved urgently. From the perspective of the protection of the rights of the respondents, this paper explores the normative connotation of the respondents and the legal basis for the protection of rights in the Supervision Law, clarifies the possible or existing problems in the protection of the rights of the respondents at the legislative level of the Supervision Law, and finally puts forward thoughts and suggestions on the legislative improvement of the protection of the rights of the respondents in the Supervision Law.