紧急避险与生命价值的衡量
Necessity Defense and the Measurement of Life Value

“紧急避险能否以人的生命为对象”是学界争议不休的问题。刑法学者同时接受了功利主义与“生命具有绝对最高价值”原则，却又为二者的张力所困扰。紧急避险应以功利主义而非社会连带责任作为其本质理论。生命不能以任何方式进行比较和权衡的通说观点是不妥当的，生命可以在量上进行比较和衡量。紧急避险就是一种基于利益衡量的公共政策，肯定对生命的紧急避险的正当性，有助于实现紧急避险制度的价值。当然并非所有在量上衡量生命的行为都是正当的，应当在认可能够对生命进行紧急避险的前提下，具体分析个案的正当、合理性。
“Whether Necessity Defense can target human lives” is a controversial issue in academic circles. Criminal law scholars have embraced both utilitarianism and the principle that “life has the absolute highest value”, but they are troubled by the tension between the two. Necessity Defense should take utilitarianism rather than social joint and several liability as its essential theory. The general view that life cannot be compared and weighed in any way is inappropriate, and life can be compared and measured quantitatively. Necessity Defense is a public policy based on the measurement of interests, which affirms the legitimacy of Necessity Defense of life and helps realize the value of the Necessity Defense system. Of course, not all acts of measuring life in terms of quantity are justified, and the legitimacy and reasonableness of individual cases should be analyzed on the premise of recognizing that Necessity Defense of life can be carried out.