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中药多糖对肿瘤微环境作用的研究进展
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Abstract:
肿瘤是机体细胞异常增生而发生的一种疾病，在遗传因素、慢性炎症以及自身免疫功能低下等因素的共同作用下，使得肿瘤成为一类多发疾病。因具有治愈难度大、治疗周期长、治疗费用高以及易于复发转移等特点，给人们的生活带来沉重负担。近年来，随着肿瘤微环境这一研究的不断深入，免疫调节跟肠道菌群成为肿瘤方向的研究热点。多糖是生物体内广泛存在的物质，是维持生命活动正常运转的基本物质之一。多糖具有安全性高，可多途径、多靶点作用于机体，对机体几乎无副作用的优势，获得广泛关注。过往研究发现，中药多糖具有多种生物活性，具有包括调节机体免疫、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调节肠道菌群、促进短链脂肪酸的产生以及减少免疫抑制剂不良反应等作用。肠道菌群存在于人体的消化道，介导于人体的各种免疫活动，帮助机体维持正常的生存状态。本文通过讨论几种肿瘤的发病机制，总结了中药多糖对肿瘤的作用，以期对肿瘤的临床治疗提供新思路。
Tumor is a kind of disease that occurs due to the abnormal proliferation of cells in the body. Under the joint action of genetic factors, chronic inflammation and autoimmune function, tumor has be-come a kind of prevalent disease. Tumors bring a heavy burden to people’s life because of the diffi-culty of cure, long treatment period, high treatment cost and easy recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on tumor microenvironment, immune regulation and intestinal flora have become the research hotspots in the direction of tumor. Polysaccharide is a widely existed substance in living organisms, which is one of the basic substances to maintain the normal operation of life activities. Polysaccharides have the advantages of high safety, mul-ti-pathway and multi-target effects on the organism, and almost no side effects on the organism, which has gained wide attention. Past studies have found that Chinese medicine polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities, including the regulation of body immunity, anti-tumor, hypo-glycemia, regulation of intestinal flora, promotion of short-chain fatty acid production, and reduce the adverse effects of immunosuppressants. Intestinal flora exists in the human digestive tract, me-diates various immune activities in the human body, and helps the body to maintain a normal state of existence. By discussing the pathogenesis of several tumors, this paper summarizes the effects of herbal polysaccharides on tumors and provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of tumors.
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