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前列腺癌的早期诊断和预后评估的研究进展
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Abstract:
前列腺癌是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其发病率在我国呈快速上升的趋势，早期精准诊断及预后评估是前列腺癌重要的研究热点。作为具有基因表达调控功能的非编码RNA，微核糖核酸(miRNAs)在前列腺癌中研究不断。近年来研究表明，前列腺癌中异常表达的miRNAs可通过调控癌基因、抑癌基因等方式在前列腺癌的发生发展过程中起到关键作用。其中，部分miRNAs可作为前列腺癌的非侵入性生物标记物，对前列腺癌的早期精准诊断及预后评估有重要的研究及临床应用价值。本文总结前列腺癌患者血液、尿液和肿瘤组织中特异性表达且可用作生物标志物的miRNA，并综述其在前列腺癌的早期诊断和预后评估中的相关基础和临床研究工作。
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men, and its incidence is rapidly increasing in China. Early precise diagnosis and prognosis evaluation are important research hotspots in prostate cancer. As a kind of non-coding RNAs possessing gene expression regulation functions, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been continuously studied in prostate cancer. Recent studies show that abnormally expressed miRNAs in prostate cancer can play key roles in occurrence and progress of prostate cancer by regulating oncogenes and oncogenes. Among them, some miRNAs can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer, which have important research and clinical application value for early and accurate diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. This work summarizes the miRNAs that can be used as biomarkers and specifically expressed in the blood, urine and tumor tissues of patients with prostate cancer, and further reviews their related basic and clinical research work in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of prostate cancer.
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