基于区块链与物联网技术的碳汇与碳计量研究
Research on Carbon Sink and Carbon Measurement Based on Blockchain and Internet of Things Technology

随着可持续发展理念和双碳目标的深化，中国建立了碳汇交易市场，而碳汇交易市场是实现双碳目标的重要政策工具，是实现生态扶贫的重要措施，是将绿水青山变成金山银山的直接途径。目前，碳交易和低碳经济体系的发展面临着不透明、缺乏信任、缺乏数据跟踪手段等诸多挑战，需要通过物联网区块链等技术来解决。采用物联网区块链、链上验证分布式跟踪技术，建立分布式超级账本的碳足迹，形成碳足迹跟踪系统，提高碳汇交易市场的可操作性、透明度和开放性，为碳汇交易市场开辟新的发展机遇。本文通过采用物联网–区块链分布式溯源技术，“链下溯源，链上验证”，在分布式超级账本上建立碳足迹，形成碳足迹追踪系统，从而提高碳汇交易市场的可操作性、透明性、公开性。为了克服碳排放数据的不透明性和各个企业之间无法实现数据共享的问题，本文提出了企业与碳交易平台通过区块链上传、查询和验证碳排放数据，实现各个企业之间碳排放数据的公开透明的方案。
With the deepening of the concept of sustainable development and the dual-carbon goals China has established a carbon trading market. The carbon-trading market is an important policy tool to achieve the dual-carbon goals, an important measure to achieve ecological poverty alleviation, and a direct way to turn clear water and green mountains into silver mountains. At present, the develop-ment of carbon trading and low-carbon economic system is facing many challenges such as opacity, lack of trust, and lack of data tracking means, which need to be solved through technologies such as Blockchains of Things. Adopt Blockchains of Things and out-of-chain verification distributed tracking technology to establish the carbon footprint of distributed super accounts, form a carbon foot-print tracking system, improve the operability, transparency and openness of the carbon-trading market, and open up new development opportunities for the carbon-trading market. This paper establishes a carbon footprint on the distributed super account by adopting the Blockchains of Things distributed traceability technology, “chain traceability, on-chain verification”, and forms a carbon footprint tracking system, so as to improve the operability, transparency and openness of the carbon-trading market. In order to overcome the problem of opacity of carbon emission data and the inability to achieve data sharing between enterprises, this paper proposes a plan for enterprises and carbon trading platforms to upload, query and verify carbon emission data through blockchain to realize the openness and transparency of carbon emission data between enterprises.