Our aim is to report 4 cases of central retinal vein occlusion following
COVID-19 vaccine administration. In this case series, 4 patients between 23-32
years of age presented to us with unilateral central retinal vein occlusion
after 2-15 days of getting vaccinated against COVID-19. One patient was a known
case of hypertension and 1 was hypothyroid. All the patients had disc swelling,
flame shaped haemorrhages, dilated and tortuous blood vessels in the retina. One
patient had cystoid macular edema and was treated with intravitreal
ranibizumab. As there were no positive systemic risk factors or incidents,
COVID-19 vaccines might have an association with the central retinal vein
occlusion in these cases.
References
[1]
(2022) WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. World Health Organization, Geneva. https://covid19.who.int/
[2]
COVID-19 Dynamic Dashboard for Bangladesh (2022) Directorate General of Health Services. http://103.247.238.92/webportal/pages/covid19-vaccination-update.php
[3]
Ng, X.L., Betzler, B.K., Testi, I., Ho, S.L., Tien, M., Ngo, W.K., et al. (2021) Ocular Adverse Events after COVID-19 Vaccination. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 29, 1216-1224. https://doi.org/10.1080/09273948.2021.1976221
[4]
Lahey, J.M., Tunç, M., Kearney, J., Modlinski, B., Koo, H., Johnson, R.N., et al. (2002) Laboratory Evaluation of Hypercoagulable States in Patients with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Who Are Less Than 56 Years of Age. Ophthalmology, 109, 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00842-9
[5]
Carli, G., Nichele, I., Ruggeri, M., Barra, S. and Tosetto, A. (2021) Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Occurring Shortly after the Second Dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Internal and Emergency Medicine, 16, 803-804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02685-0
[6]
Greinacher, A., Thiele, T., Warkentin, T.E., Weisser, K., Kyrle, P.A. and Eichinger, S. (2021) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2092-2101. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104840
[7]
Endo, B., Bahamon, S. and Martínez-Pulgarín, D.F. (2021) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: A Case Report. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 69, 2865-2866. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1477_21
[8]
Al-Abri, M., Al-Musalami, A., Al-Rawahi, B., Al-Hinai, A. and Al-Fadhil, N. (2021) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Young Healthy COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, 28, 199-202. https://doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_271_21
[9]
Varga, Z., Flammer, A.J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A.S., et al. (2020) Endothelial Cell Infection and Endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet (London, England), 395, 1417-1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5
[10]
Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X. and Sun, Z. (2020) Abnormal Coagulation Parameters Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 18, 844-847. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14768
