Puerperal and postpartum infections after cesarean section are a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Postpartum infections account for a significant, and often preventable, portion of the global healthcare burden. Puerperal sepsis is one of the top five causes of maternal deaths worldwide and accounts for 10% - 15% of deaths in the postpartum period. Postpartum infections also present a significant social burden: they increase maternal anxiety and the risk of postpartum depression, interfere with bonding, and negatively impact breastfeeding. To prevent complications and improve outcomes, the evaluation of these infections must be accurate and prompt. This review provided a summary of causes, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, imaging modalities, treatment options, complications, and prognosis of puerperal and postpartum infections following cesarean section. Future directions in the evaluation of these infections were also discussed, including the development of novel diagnostic assays, the use of point-of-care testing and risk factors responsible for the onset of infections. This review emphasized the significance of early diagnosis and prompted treatment of these infections in order to prevent complications and enhance maternal and neonatal outcomes. This article also provided an exhaustive overview of the evaluation and management of puerperal and postpartum infections and the clinical outcome of infections for both mother and neonate.
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