过度维权与敲诈勒索罪的区分——以“郭利无罪案”为切入的思考
The Distinction between Excessive Rights Protection and the Crime of Extortion—Thinking from “Guo Li No Crime”

随着市场经济的迅猛发展与消费者法律意识的增强，近年来消费者自主维权的行为屡见不鲜。实践中，由于消费者对法律制度的理解不充分，经营者态度恶劣，过度维权与敲诈勒索行为界定不清等原因，导致消费者的索赔行为常常与敲诈勒索罪相混淆。在这一过程中，维权行为应当基于合法的依据和基础，把握好维权行为与敲诈勒索的界限，否则一旦越过警戒线，消费者极有可能成为敲诈勒索罪的犯罪主体。为理清二者的边界，本文以经过四次审判的消费者维权典型案例——“郭利无罪案”为切入点，通过分析过度维权与敲诈勒索行为相似的外观，提出消费者行使权利的行为与敲诈勒索行为的区分关键在于行使权利的基础债权合法性、维权方法的规范性、手段行为的现实危险性三个要点。进而判断维权行为是否满足敲诈勒索罪的全部构成要件，如此更好把握二者之间的界限。
With the rapid development of market economy and the enhancement of consumers’ legal consciousness, the behavior of consumers’ independent rights protection is common in recent years. In practice, due to the insufficient understanding of the legal system by consumers, the bad attitude of the operators, the unclear definition of excessive rights protection and extortion, the claim behavior of consumers is often confused with the crime of extortion. In this process, rights protection should be based on legal basis, grasp the boundary between rights protection and extortion, otherwise once crossed the warning line, consumers are likely to become the subject of extortion crime. In order to clarify the boundary between the two, this paper takes “the case of Guo Li’s innocence”, a typical case of consumer rights protection after four trials, as the starting point, and analyzes the similar appearance of excessive rights protection and extortion. The author points out that the key to distinguish the consumer’s exercise of rights from the extortion and extortion is the legitimacy of the creditor’s right, the standardization of the method of safeguarding rights and the realistic danger of the means. Then judge whether the act of safeguarding rights meets all the elements of the crime of extortion, so as to better grasp the boundary between the two.