|
|
外形设计对社交机器人接受度的影响
|
Abstract:
外形设计是影响人们对社交机器人接受度的重要因素，近几年该领域的研究呈爆发式增长。文章回顾总结了社交机器人外形设计领域的相关研究，从宏观层面和微观层面概述了社交机器人的外形设计特点以及人们对这些设计的接受态度。其次，文章提出了社交机器人的外形设计需要关注的几点问题，以期提高人们对社交机器人的接受度。最后，文章总结了已有研究的不足，并对未来该领域的研究提出展望。
Appearance design is an important factor affecting people’s acceptance of social robots, and the research in this field has exploded in recent years. This paper reviews relevant researches in the field of social robot appearance design, and summarizes the design features of social robots and people’s acceptance of these designs from the macro and micro levels. Secondly, this paper puts forward several issues that need attention in the appearance design of social robots, hoping it will do some help in improving people’s acceptance of social robots. Finally, the paper summarizes the limitations of the existing researches, and proposes some future research directions in this field.
| [1] | Lee, K.M., Jung, Y., Kim, J. and Sang, R.K. (2006) Are Physically Embodied Social Agents Better than Disembodied Social Agents? The Effects of Physical Embodiment, Tactile Interaction, and People’s Loneliness in Human-Robot Interaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64, 962-973.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.05.002 |
| [2] | van Straten, C.L., Smeekens, I., Barakova, E., Glennon, J., Buitelaar, J. and Chen, A.J. (2017) Effects of Robots’ Intonation and Bodily Appearance on Robot-Mediated Communicative Treatment Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 22, 379-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-017-1060-y |
| [3] | Heerink, M., Albo-Canals, J., Valenti-Soler, M., Martinez-Martin, P. and Anisuzzaman, S. (2013) Exploring Requirements and Alternative Pet Robots for Robot Assisted Therapy with Older Adults with Dementia. The International Conference on Social Robotics, Bristol, 27-29 October 2013, 104-115. |
| [4] | Ringwald, M., Theben, P., Gerlinger, K., Hedrich, A. and Klein, B. (2023) How Should Your Assistive Robot Look like? A Scoping Review on Embodiment for Assistive Robots. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 107, Article No. 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-022-01781-3 |
| [5] | Belpaeme, T., Kennedy, J., Ramachandran, A., Scassellati, B. and Tanaka, F. (2018) Social Robots for Education: A Review. Science Robotics, 3, eaat5954. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat5954 |
| [6] | 许丽颖, 喻丰. 机器人接受度的影响因素[J]. 科学通报, 2020, 65(6): 496-510. |
| [7] | Kluber, K. and Onnasch, L. (2022) Appearance Is Not Everything-Preferred Feature Combinations for Care Robots. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, Article ID: 107128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107128 |
| [8] | Song, Y., Luximon, A. and Luximon, Y. (2021) The Effect of Facial Features on Facial Anthropomorphic Trustworthiness in Social Robots. Applied Ergonomics, 94, Article ID: 103420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103420 |
| [9] | Stroessner, S.J. and Benitez, J. (2018) The Social Perception of Humanoid and Non-Humanoid Robots: Effects of Gendered and Machinelike Features. International Journal of Social Robotics, 11, 305-315. |
| [10] | De Graaf, M.M.A. and Ben Allouch, S. (2014) Users’ Preferences of Robots for Domestic Use. 2014 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), Bielefeld, 3-6 March 2014, 146-147. |
| [11] | Haring, K.S., Silvera-Tawil, D., Takahashi, T., Watanabe, K. and Velonaki, M. (2016) How People Perceive Different Robot Types: A Direct Comparison of an Android, Humanoid, and Non-Biomimetic Robot. 2016 8th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST), Chiang Mai, 3-6 February 2016, 265-270. |
| [12] | Prakash, A., Kemp, C.C. and Rogers, W.A. (2014) Older Adults’ Reactions to a Robot’s Appearance in the Context of Home Use. The Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Bielefeld, March 2014, 268-269. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559636.2559790 |
| [13] | Okanda, M., Zhou, Y., Kanda, T., Ishiguro, H. and Itakura, S. (2018) I Hear Your Yes-No Questions: Children’s Response Tendencies to a Humanoid Robot. Infant & Child Development, 27, e2079. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2079 |
| [14] | Duffy, B.R. (2003) Anthropomorphism and the Social Robot. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42, 177-190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8890(02)00374-3 |
| [15] | 邓卫斌, 于国龙. 社交机器人发展现状及关键技术研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2016, 16(12): 163-170. |
| [16] | Müller, B.C.N., Gao, X., Nijssen, S.R.R. and Damen, T.G.E. (2021) I, Robot: How Human Appearance and Mind Attribution Relate to the Perceived Danger of Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13, 691-701.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-020-00663-8 |
| [17] | Ferrari, F., Paladino, M.P. and Jetten, J. (2016) Blurring Human-Machine Distinctions: Anthropomorphic Appearance in Social Robots as a Threat to Human Distinctiveness. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8, 287-302.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0338-y |
| [18] | Esposito, A., Cuciniello, M., Amorese, T., Esposito, A.M., Troncone, A., Maldonato, M.N. and Cordasco, G. (2020) Seniors’ Appreciation of Humanoid Robots. In: Esposito, A., Faundez-Zanuy, M., Morabito, F.C. and Pasero, E., Eds., Neural Approaches to Dynamics of Signal Exchanges, Springer, Singapore, 331-345. |
| [19] | Kumazaki, H., Warren, Z., Muramatsu, T., Yoshikawa, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Miyao, M. and Kikuchi, M. (2017) A Pilot Study for Robot Appearance Preferences among High-Functioning Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Therapeutic Use. PLOS ONE, 12, e0186581. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186581 |
| [20] | Broadbent, E., Kumar, V., Li, X.Y., Sollers, J., Stafford, R.Q., MacDonald, B.A. and Wegner, D.M. (2013) Robots with Display Screens: A Robot with a More Humanlike Face Display Is Perceived to Have More Mind and a Better Personality. PLOS ONE, 8, e0072589. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072589 |
| [21] | Tung, F.W. (2016) Child Perception of Humanoid Robot Appearance and Behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32, 493-502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1172808 |
| [22] | Lee, J.G., Kim, K.J., Lee, S. and Shin, D.H. (2015) Can Autonomous Vehicles Be Safe and Trustworthy? Effects of Appearance and Autonomy of Unmanned Driving Systems. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31, 682-691. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1070547 |
| [23] | Natarajan, M. and Gombolay, M. (2020) Effects of Anthropomorphism and Accountability on Trust in Human Robot Interaction. The Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Cambridge, March 2020, 33-42. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374839 |
| [24] | Nijssen, S. R. R., Muller, B. C. N., van Baaren, R. B. and Paulus, M. (2019) Saving the Robot or the Human? Robots Who Feel Deserve Moral Care. Social Cognition, 37, 41-56. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2019.37.1.41 |
| [25] | Mori, M. (2012) The Uncanny Valley. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 19, 98-100.
https://doi.org/10.1109/mra.2012.2192811 |
| [26] | Yonemitsu, F., Sasaki, K., Gobara, A. and Yamada, Y. (2021) The Clone Devaluation Effect: A New Uncanny Phenomenon Concerning Facial Identity. PLOS ONE, 16, e0254396. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254396 |
| [27] | Kalegina, A., Schroeder, G., Allchin, A., Berlin, K. and Cakmak, M. (2018) Characterizing the Design Space of Rendered Robot Faces. The Proceedings of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Chicago, February 2018, 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1145/3171221.3171286 |
| [28] | Graaf, M. and Allouch, S.B. (2015) The Evaluation of Different Roles for Domestic Social Robots. 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Kobe, 31 August-4 September 2015, 676-681. |
| [29] | Kontogiorgos, D., Pereira, A. andersson, O., Koivisto, M., Rabal, E.G., Vartiainen, V. and Gustafson, J. (2019) The Effects of Anthropomorphism and Non-Verbal Social Behaviour in Virtual Assistants. The Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Paris, 2-5 July 2019, 133-140.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3308532.3329466 |
| [30] | Robins, B., Dautenhahn, K. and Dubowski, J. (2006) Does Appearance Matter in the Interaction of Children with Autism with a Humanoid Robot? Interaction Studies, 7, 479-512. |
| [31] | Sun, X.X. and Jin, W.K. (2021) Elderly’s Preferences towards Rehabilitation Robot Appearance Using Electroencephalogram Signal. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2021, Article No. 35.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-021-00757-z |
| [32] | Feil-Seifer, D. and Mataric, M.J. (2011) Socially Assistive Robotics. IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine: A Publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, 18, 24-31. |
| [33] | Coeckelbergh, M., Pop, C., Simut, R., Peca, A., Pintea, S., David, D. and Vanderborght, B. (2016) A Survey of Expectations about the Role of Robots in Robot-Assisted Therapy for Children with ASD: Ethical Acceptability, Trust, Sociability, Appearance, and Attachment. Science and Engineering Ethics, 22, 47-65.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9649-x |
| [34] | Shibata, T. (2012) Therapeutic Seal Robot as Biofeedback Medical Device: Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluations of Robot Therapy in Dementia Care. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100, 2527-2538.
https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2200559 |
| [35] | Takayanagi, K., Kirita, T. and Shibata, T. (2014) Comparison of Verbal and Emotional Responses of Elderly People with Mild/Moderate Dementia and Those with Severe Dementia in Responses to Seal Robot, PARO. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, Article No. 257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2014.00257 |
| [36] | Schwind, V., Leicht, K., Jager, S., Wolf, K. and Henze, N. (2018) Is There an Uncanny Valley of Virtual Animals? A Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 111, 49-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.11.003 |
| [37] | Castro-González, á., Alcocer-Luna, J., Malfaz, M., Alonso-Martín, F. and Salichs, M.A. (2018) Evaluation of Artificial Mouths in Social Robots. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 48, 369-379.
https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2018.2812618 |
| [38] | Deutsch, I., Erel, H., Paz, M., Hoffman, G. and Zuckerman, O. (2019) Home Robotic Devices for Older Adults: Opportunities and Concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 122-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.002 |
| [39] | Bernotat, J., Eyssel, F. and Sachse, J. (2021) The (Fe)male Robot: How Robot Body Shape Impacts First Impressions and Trust towards Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13, 477-489.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00562-7 |
| [40] | Reich-Stiebert, N. and Eyssel, F. (2017) (Ir)relevance of Gender? On the Influence of Gender Stereotypes on Learning with a Robot. The 2017 12th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Vienna, 6-9 March 2017, 166-176. |
| [41] | Kuchenbrandt, D., H？ring, M., Eichberg, J. and Eyssel, F. (2012) Keep an Eye on the Task! How Gender Typicality of Tasks Influence Human-Robot Interactions. 4th International Conference, ICSR 2012, Chengdu, 29-31 October 2012, 448-457. |
| [42] | Tay, B., Jung, Y. and Park, T. (2014) When Stereotypes Meet Robots: The Double-Edge Sword of Robot Gender and Personality in Human-Robot Interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 75-84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.014 |
| [43] | Esposito, A., Amorese, T., Cuciniello, M., Pica, I., Riviello, M.T., Troncone, A. and Esposito, A.M. (2019) Elders Prefer Female Robots with a High Degree of Human Likeness. The 2019 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Consumer Technologies (ISCT), Ancona, 19-21 June 2019, 243-246. |
| [44] | De Graaf, M.M.A. and Ben Allouch, S. (2017) The Influence of Prior Expectations of a Robot’s Lifelikeness on Users’ Intentions to Treat a Zoomorphic Robot as a Companion. International Journal of Social Robotics, 9, 17-32.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-016-0340-4 |
| [45] | Arras, K.O. and Cerqui, D. (2005) Do We Want to Share Our Lives and Bodies with Robots? A 2000 People Survey. ETH-Zürich, Zürich. |
| [46] | Heuer, T. (2019) Who Do You Want to Talk to? User-Centered Design for Human-Like Robot Faces. The Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019, Hamburg, 8-11 September 2019, 617-620. https://doi.org/10.1145/3340764.3344878 |
| [47] | Castro-Gonzalez, A., Admoni, H. and Scassellati, B. (2016) Effects of Form and Motion on Judgments of Social Robots’ Animacy, Likability, Trustworthiness and Unpleasantness. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 90, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.02.004 |
| [48] | Gray, K. and Wegner, D.M. (2012).Feeling Robots and Human Zombies: Mind Perception and the Uncanny Valley. Cognition, 125, 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007 |
| [49] | Yam, K.C., Bigman, Y. and Gray, K. (2021) Reducing the Uncanny Valley by Dehumanizing Humanoid Robots. Computers in Human Behavior, 125, Article ID: 106945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106945 |
