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华南虎栖息地构建要素与评估改造技术研究现状
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Abstract:
栖息地丧失与破碎化等是华南虎野外功能性灭绝的主要原因之一。本文综合分析了华南虎栖息地构建要素、评估方法和改造恢复技术的研究进展。总结发现，影响华南虎栖息地质量的重要因素有猎物密度、水源丰富度、空间适合度。栖息地评估方法较多，可归纳为利用–可利用、特征分析和种群反应分析三大类；评估数据获取主要通过访问调查、样线或样方调查、红外相机监测、植被调查和空间信息解析等方式获取；评估采用的主要因子归纳有植被类型、猎物、坡度、海拔、人为活动等。栖息地恢复重点侧重于食源动物恢复、植被恢复与群落结构优化、整合零星栖息地、建立生境廊道、联通隔离斑块等。研究结果以期为实施华南虎野化放归试验场所重构、栖息地评估和恢复改造提供参考。
Habitat loss and fragmentation has long been considered the primary cause for functional extinc-tion of South China Tigers in the wild. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the research progress on construction elements, assessment methods and restoration techniques of habitat of South China Tigers. It is found that the important factors affecting the quality of South China Tiger habitat are prey density, water abundance, and spatial suitability. Habitat assessment methods are diverse and can be categorized into habitat utilization-availability, characterization analysis, and population response analysis; assessment data are mainly obtained through interview surveys, line transect or sample square surveys, infrared camera monitoring, vegetation surveys, and spatial information analysis; the main factors used for assessment are summarized as vegetation type, prey, slope, elevation, and anthropogenic activities. Habitat restoration focused on restoration of food source animal, vegetation restoration and community structure optimization, integration of fragmented habitats, establishment of habitat corridors, and connection of isolated patches. The results of the study were intended to provide a reference for the pilot implementation of site reconstruction, habitat assessment and restoration, rewilding and reintroduction of the South China Tiger.
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