论无效行政行为的认定
Determination of Invalid Administrative Acts

我国在改革开放后，加强政府职能转型，行政法制度旨在“控权”，控制行政违法行为，根据行政违法行为的违法程度不同又进一步区分为无效行政行为和可撤销行政行为。关于无效行政行为的概念早在1996年我国行政处罚法中就已经涉及，2015年《行政诉讼法》正式规定了对无效行政行为的确认无效之诉。无效行政行为制度的确立对于更好的规范行政行为有积极作用。但我国目前认定行政行为无效的标准是“重大且明显违法”，这一认定标准在实践中具有一定的抽象性，不够完备，无效行政行为的认定与公定力以及公民拒绝权之间存在理论和实践的冲突关系，有必要进一步揭示无效行政行为的内核，细化无效行政行为，推进无效行政行为的认定标准。
After the reform and opening up, China has strengthened the transformation of government functions. The administrative law system is designed to “control power”, and control of administrative illegal acts. According to the degree of illegality of administrative illegal acts, it is further distinguished as invalid administrative acts and revocable administrative acts. The concept of invalid administrative act was involved in China’s administrative penalty law as early as 1996. In 2015, the Administrative Procedure Law officially stipulated the lawsuit for confirming the invalidity of invalid administrative acts. The establishment of the invalid administrative act system has a positive effect on the better regulation of administrative behaviour. However, China’s current standard for determining the invalidity of administrative acts is “significant and obvious violation of the law”. This determination of the standard in practice has a certain degree of abstraction, and is not complete enough. There is a conflict between the determination of invalid administrative acts and the presumptive legality as well as the citizens’ right of refusal, in theory and practice. There is a need to further reveal the kernel of the invalid administrative act, refine the invalid administrative act, and advance the determination standard of invalid administrative act.