论产品责任中生产者、销售者责任之归责原则认定——对《民法典》第1202、1203条的阐释
On the Attribution Principle of Producer and Seller Liability in Product Liability—Interpretation of Articles 1202 and 1203 of the Civil Code

《民法典》1202、1203条在文义上沿用《民法通则》生产者、销售者对受损者承担无过错责任的归责原则，并吸收《侵权责任法》的“产品存在缺陷”之表述、有过错的销售者应承担最终责任的归责原则特点。通过分析过错责任与无过错责任的法理基础，考虑保护消费者权益宗旨、立法目的及我国社会背景，结合《民法典》的现行调整，笔者认为产品责任中生产者、销售者责任之归责原则采用二元归责原则更为妥当，提出以立法或司法解释形式确定与完善相关缺位概念，对无过错归责原则一般情形进行细化规定，完善特别法中产品责任归责原则之立法纰漏，政府对相关配套措施支持与完善等建议。
Articles 1202 and 1203 of the Civil Code follow the principle of non-fault liability of the producer and seller to the damaged person in the General Principles of the Civil Law, and absorb the expression of “product defects” in the Tort Liability Law, and the characteristics of the principle of liability that the seller at fault should bear the ultimate responsibility. By analyzing the legal basis of fault liability and no-fault liability, considering the purpose of protecting consumers’ rights and interests, legislative purpose and social background in China, combined with the current adjustment of the Civil Code, the author believes that it is more appropriate to adopt the dualistic principle of liability for the responsibility of producers and sellers in product liability, and proposes to determine and improve the concept of related defects in the form of legislative or judicial interpretation. The gen-eral situation of no-fault imputation principle is elaborated, the legislative flaws of product liability imputation principle in special law are improved, and the government supports and improves the relevant supporting measures.