行政诉讼中原告主体资格之“利害关系”的认定
The Identification of the “Interest Relationship” of the Plaintiff’s Subject Qualification in Administrative Litigation

行政诉讼中，起诉人与被诉行政行为存在法律上的利害关系是除“行政相对人”外的法定要件。我国《行政诉讼法》第25条第1款便指明了这一点。但判断何为行政相对人并不困难，其难点在于如何判断行政相对人之外的“具有利害关系”的其他主体，以及这种利害关系的程度如何，该怎样证明。本文通过对相关法律规定、司法实践和学术观点的梳理分析，从制度设计和司法权保障两方面进行探讨。首先，对原告资格的内涵、构成要件以及判定标准进行界定和解读，充分考虑行政诉讼的特殊性和法律实效性。接着，结合实际案例，总结了在原告主体资格认定中出现的一些争议和难点，并提出了相应的解决途径和建议。
In administrative litigation, the legal interest between the plaintiff and the accused administrative act is a legal requirement except “administrative counterpart”. This is pointed out in Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Administrative Procedure Law of China. However, it is not difficult to judge what is the administrative counterpart. The difficulty lies in how to judge the other subjects who “have interest” besides the administrative counterpart, and how to prove the degree of such interest. Through the analysis of relevant legal provisions, judicial practice and academic views, this paper discusses the system design and judicial power protection from two aspects. First of all, this paper defines and interprets the connotation, constituent elements and judgment criteria of the plaintiff’s qualification, and fully considers the particularity and legal effectiveness of administrative litigation. Then, combined with actual cases, this paper summarizes some disputes and difficulties in the qualification of the plaintiff, and puts forward corresponding solutions and suggestions.