论个人在国际法中的主体地位
On the Subjective Status of Individuals in In-ternational Law

国际法被普遍认为是主权国家之间的权利义务保障工具，但国际法是否能成为个人与国家之间实现权利义务的保障？随着个人在国际社会的地位不断提高，个人是否具备国际法主体地位成为了重要的话题。本文即从国际法对国际主体地位的规定出发，并通过总结近代以来国际法的立法层面以及发展方向，探究个人是否具备国际法中的主体地位，并就国际人权、国际环境和和国际刑法领域的国际性法律文件的发展趋势，辨析个人在这些领域是否具备国际法主体资格，并就个人获得国际法主体资格对于国际社会的有利之处展开论述。
International law is widely regarded as a tool for safeguarding the rights and obligations of sovereign states, but can international law become a guarantee for the realization of rights and obligations between individuals and states? With the continuous improvement of an individual’s status in the international community, whether an individual possesses the status of a subject of international law has become an important topic. This article starts from the provisions of international law on the status of international subjects, and by summarizing the legislative level and development direction of international law since modern times, explores whether an individual possesses the status of a subject in international law. Based on the development trend of international human rights, international environment, and international legal documents in the field of international criminal law, it analyzes whether an individual possesses the qualification of a subject in interna-tional law in these fields, and discusses the advantages of obtaining the qualification of an individual as a subject of international law for the international community.