“典型环境中的典型人物”创作观在19、20世纪的发展变化——以《欧也妮？葛朗台》与《老人与海》为例
The Development and Change of the “Typical Character in a Typical Environment” Concept in the 19th and 20th Centuries—Taking Eugénie Grandet and The Old Man and the Sea as Examples

本文通过19世纪现实主义经典作品《欧也妮？葛朗台》和20世纪现实主义经典作品《老人与海》的对比阅读，深入分析了“典型环境中的典型人物”这一创作观念的深化发展。这一创作观念没有仅仅停留于对现世社会的典型社会风貌和人物的剖析，在20世纪更是运用历史和思辨的视角得到了进一步的深化。在这个过程中，“典型环境中的典型人物”一直焕发着它的理论活力，当拥有了历史和思辨的眼光，再来审视“典型环境中的典型人物”，能在文学创作领域产生出更多更具有跨时代意义和精神价值的文学作品。
Through the comparative reading of the 19th century realism classic Eugénie Grandet and the 20th century realism classic The Old Man and the Sea, this paper analyses the deepening development of the creative concept of “typical characters in typical environments”. This creative concept does not only remain in the analysis of the typical social scenery and characters of the present society, but has been further deepened in the 20th century through the use of historical and discursive perspectives. In this process, “typical characters in typical environments” has been glowing with its theoretical vitality, and when we have the historical and discursive vision to look at “typical characters in typical environments” again, we can produce more and more literary works of transgenerational significance and spiritual value in the field of literary creation.