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我国海水养殖污染状况及生态环境监管需求
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Abstract:
本文对我国海水养殖总氮、总磷排放量进行了评估，并分析了我国海水养殖生态环境影响和存在的管理问题，提出了我国海水养殖生态环境监管需求。评估结果显示，全国海水增养殖总氮、总磷年排放量分别达到32.43万吨和10.75万吨。由此可见，海水养殖污染已成为我国近岸海域重要的污染源之一。除营养盐污染外，海水养殖还会产生药物、垃圾等污染，并对海洋生态产生一定的影响。针对我国海水养殖规模巨大、生态环境影响突出的问题，本文从明责任、转方式、严准入、控投喂、盯尾水、减废弃等角度提出了我国海水养殖生态环境监管需求，为有效解决海水养殖带来的生态环境问题提供管理建议。
In this paper, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions of mariculture in China were evaluated, and the ecological environment impact and existing management problems of mari-culture in China were analyzed, and the ecological environment supervision needs of mariculture in China were put forward. The assessment results show that the annual emissions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in mariculture in China reached 324.3 thousand tons and 107.5 thousand tons, respectively. It can be seen that mariculture pollution has become one of the important pollution sources in China’s coastal waters. In addition to nutrient pollution, mariculture also produces pollution such as drugs and garbage, and has a certain impact on marine ecology. In view of the huge scale of mariculture in China and the prominent impact of ecological environment, this paper puts forward the need of ecological environment supervision of mariculture in China from the perspectives of clear responsibility, transfer mode, strict access, controlled feeding, tailwater and waste reduction, so as to provide management suggestions for effectively solving the ecological environment problems caused by mariculture.
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