Okra is one of the most widespread vegetable crops in the world,
particularly in West Africa. However, several factors influence okra crops as
biotic and abiotic factors. Among the diseases affecting its culture, okra leaf
curl disease is a major threat. This study aims to assess begomoviruses from
okra plants with symptoms like leaves curl by molecular approach. A total of
thirteen serologically positive samples were tested by PCR assay, and one
sample was sequenced among them. The begomovirus was found in six isolates, Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus (BYVMV)
in three isolates, and Okra enation leaf
curl virus (OELCuV) in three isolates, respectively. The begomovirus
isolate sequences shared 90% identity with the Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus. Mixed infections between these
viruses were found. Thus, these results highlight the need to monitor the
spread of these disease-causing viruses for okra crops in Mali. In addition,
they can also lead to a considerable loss in okra fields in Koulikoro, which is
an agricultural region by excellence.
References
[1]
Adelakun, O.E. and Oyelade, O.J. (2011) Potential Use of Okra Seed (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) Flour for Food Fortification and Effects of Processing. In: Preedy, V.R., Watson, R.R. and Patel, V.B., Eds., Flour and Breads and Their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press, Cambridge, 205-212.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-380886-8.10019-4
[2]
Schippers, R.R. (2000) African Indigenous Vegetables: An Overview of the Cultivated Species.
[3]
Venkataravanappa, V., Kodandaram, M.H., Lakshminarayana Reddy, C.N., Shankarappa, K.S. and Krishna Reddy, M. (2017) Comparative Transmission of Bhendi Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus by Two Cryptic Species of the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). 3 Biotech, 7, Article No. 331.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0970-8
[4]
Hameed, S., Khalid, S., Ehsan-ul-Haq, S. and Hashrni, A.A. (1994) Cotton Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan Caused by a Whitefly-Transmitted Geminivirus. Plant Disease, 78, 529. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-78-0529H
[5]
Konaté, G., Barro, N., Fargette, D., Swanson, M.M. and Harrison, B.D. (1995) Occurrence of Whitefly-Transmitted Geminiviruses in Crops in Burkina Faso, and Their Serological Detection and Differentiation. Annals of Applied Biology, 126, 121-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1995.tb05008.x
Venkataravanappa, V., Reddy, C.N.L., Jalali, S., Briddon, R.W. and Reddy, M.K. (2015) Molecular Identification and Biological Characterisation of a Begomovirus Associated with Okra Enation Leaf Curl Disease in India. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 141, 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0463-0
[8]
Venkataravanappa, V., Reddy, C.N.L., Jalali, S. and Reddy, M.K. (2013) Molecular Characterization of a New Species of Begomovirus Associated with Yellow Vein Mosaic of Bhendi (Okra) in Bhubhaneswar, India. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 136, 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0209-4
[9]
Fiallo-Olivé, E., et al. (2021) ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae 2021. Journal of General Virology, 102, Article ID: 001696.
https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001696
[10]
Morales, F.J. and Anderson, P.K. (2001) The Emergence and Dissemination of Whitefly-Transmitted Geminiviruses in Latin America. Archives of Virology, 146, 415-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007050170153
[11]
Varma, A. and Malathi, V.G. (2003) Emerging Geminivirus Problems: A Serious Threat to Crop Production. Annals of Applied Biology, 142, 145-164.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2003.tb00240.x
[12]
Venkataravanappa, V., Lakshminarayana Reddy, C.N., Jalali, S. and Krishna Reddy, M. (2012) Molecular Characterization of Distinct Bipartite Begomovirus Infecting bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in India. Virus Genes, 44, 522-535.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0732-y
[13]
Inoue-Nagata, A.K., Lima, M.F. and Gilbertson, R.L. (2016) A Review of Geminivirus Diseases in Vegetables and Other Crops in Brazil: Current Status and Approaches for Management. Horticultura Brasileira, 34, 8-18.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620160000100002
[14]
Tiendrébéogo, F., et al. (2010) Impact of Okra Leaf Curl Disease on Morphology and Yield of Okra. Crop Protection, 29, 712-716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2010.02.007
[15]
Senevirathna, H.M.S.I., Wasala, S.K., Senanayake, D.M.J.B., Weerasekara, D., Wickamasinghe, H.A.M. and Deepal, P.K.G.A. (2016) Characterization and Detection of Yellow Vein Disease of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research, 27, 360-369.
https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v27i4.8213
[16]
Mubeen, M., et al. (2021) Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.): An Overview on Causal Agent, Vector and Management. Phyton, 90, 1573-1587. https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2021.016664
[17]
Yadav, Y., et al. (2018) Enation Leaf Curl Virus (ELCV): A Real Threat in Major Okra Production Belts of India: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7, 3795-3802.
[18]
Asare-Bediako, E., Addo-Quaye, A. and Bi-Kusi, A. (2023) Comparative Efficacy of Plant Extracts in Managing Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci gen) and Leaf Curl Disease in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L). American Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2, 31-41.
[19]
Kon, T., Rojas, M.R., Abdourhamane, I.K. and Gilbertson, R.L. (2009) Roles and Interactions of Begomoviruses and Satellite DNAs Associated with Okra Leaf Curl Disease in Mali, West Africa. Journal of General Virology, 90, 1001-1013.
https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.008102-0
[20]
Naresh, M., et al. (2019) Occurrence and Variability of Begomoviruses Associated with Bhendi Yellow Vein Mosaic and Okra Enation Leaf Curl Diseases in South-Western India. VirusDisease, 30, 511-525.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-019-00551-4
[21]
Tiendrébéogo, F. (2014) Caractérisation et aspects épidémiologiques des Begomovirus infectant les plantes maraîchères et le manioc au Burkina Faso. Master’s Thesis, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou.
[22]
Tamura, K. and Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the Number of Nucleotide Substitutions in the Control Region of Mitochondrial DNA in Humans and Chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, 512-526.
[23]
Tiendrébéogo, F., et al. (2010) Molecular Diversity of Cotton Leaf Curl Gezira Virus Isolates and Their Satellite DNAs Associated with Okra Leaf Curl Disease in Burkina Faso. Virology Journal, 7, Article No. 48.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-48
[24]
Shih, S.L., Kumar, S., Tsai, W.S., Lee, L.M. and Green, S.K. (2009) Complete Nucleotide Sequences of Okra Isolates of Cotton Leaf Curl Gezira Virus and Their Associated DNA-β from Niger. Archives of Virology, 154, 369-372.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-008-0304-6
[25]
Sék, K., et al. (2016) First Reports of Cotton Leaf Curl Gezira Virus and Okra Yellow Crinkle Virus Associated with Okra Leaf Curl Disease in Cote d’Ivoire. New Disease Reports, 34, 8. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2016.034.008
[26]
Idris, A.M. and Brown, J.K. (2002) Molecular Analysis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus-Sudan Reveals an Evolutionary History of Recombination. Virus Genes, 24, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015380600089
