蒲松龄的科考“正途”与《聊斋》的“异型”书写
Pu Songling’s “Normal Path” in the Imperial Examination and the “Abnormal” Writing in Liaozhai

科考及创作是贯穿蒲松龄一生的两件大事。坚持科考“正途”体现了蒲松龄作为封建社会知识分子执著的人生态度及生命坚守。他有“高开低走”的科举经历，与同声相契的志士们相互唱和砥砺，书写了大量的同病相怜哀穷悼屈之作。另一方面，坚持创作“异路”则是作家在历经踬踣之后的生命“反转”。通过《聊斋》的“异型”书写，蒲松龄实现了精神的“突围”。作家为世人构筑异梦异境、异域异景，营造了温馨的精神家园与美好的生命愿景；描摹异人异事、异言异行，表达了深沉的文化情怀与进步的思想观念；书写异思异见、异理异韵，寄托了独特的审美理想与执着的价值追求；演绎异情异志、异彩异趣，体现了强烈的批判意识与顽强的反抗精神。《聊斋》创作奠定了蒲松龄在文学史的崇高地位，作家灵魂世界的涤荡升华与现实世界的守望相依“奇正相参”，二者浑然构成曲折而璀璨、复杂而纯净的生命历程。
The imperial examination and creation were two major events that ran through Pu Songling’s life. Adhering to the “normal path” of the imperial examination reflects Pu Songling’s persistent attitude towards life and perseverance as an intellectual in feudal society. He had the experience of “opening high and leaving low” in the imperial examination, and he sang and honed with fel-low patriots, wrote a large number of works that sympathize with the same illness, mourn for the poor, and mourn for the wrongs. On the other hand, insisting on creating a “different path” is the author’s life “reversal” after experiencing setbacks. Through the “heterotypic” writing of Liaozhai, Pu Songling achieved a spiritual “breakthrough”. The author has constructed exotic dreams and landscapes for the world, creating a warm spiritual home and a beautiful life vision; Describing different people and events, words and actions, expressing profound cultural senti-ments and progressive ideas; Writing different thoughts, opinions, and rhymes embodies unique aesthetic ideals and persistent value pursuits; Interpreting exotic emotions, aspirations, and colorful interests reflects a strong sense of criticism and a tenacious spirit of resistance. The creation of Liaozhai established Pu Songling’s lofty position in literary history, the purification and sublimation of the writer’s soul world and the watchfulness of the real world are interde-pendent and “strangely and positively intertwined”, the two constitute a tortuous and brilliant, complex and pure life process.