从生态批评视角解读《告别马焦拉》中的生态危机
The Analysis of the Ecological Crisis of Farewell to Matyora from the Perspective of Ecocriticism

拉斯普京(Е. Я. Распустин)是当代俄罗斯文学中最伟大的作家之一，苏联时期因作品《火灾》享誉世界，并获得了最高的文学奖“苏联国家文学与艺术奖”，他的作品散发出一股浓郁的、辽阔无边的西伯利亚乡土气息。拉斯普京在其作品中展示并思考了人与自然的关系，人与社会的关系、人与人的关系，乃至人与自我的关系，旨在解释人类中心主义价值观对这些关系所造成的破坏。本文以拉斯普京的小说《告别马焦拉》为研究对象，运用生态批评理论进行细致分析，探究小说中的生态内涵。分析将聚焦于人类面临的自然生态危机、社会生态危机和精神生态危机三个维度，展示拉斯普京小说中的生态现实，同时反思小说中的寻求生态拯救之途。
Rasputin (Е. Я. Распустин) is regarded as one of the great giants of contemporary Russian literature, and his outstanding work Fire was internationally acclaimed during the Soviet period, winning the highest literary award—“USSR State Prize for Literature and Art”, and his works are full of strong Siberian vernacular flavor. Works by Rasputin deeply explore the complex relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and self, and strive to reveal the destruction of these relationships by anthropocentric values. Taking Rasputin’s novel Farewell to Magyora as the object of study, this paper applies the theory of ecocriticism to conduct a detailed analysis and explore the ecological connotations in the novel. The analysis will focus on the three dimensions of natural ecological crisis, social ecological crisis and spiritual ecological crisis faced by human beings, showing the ecological reality in Rasputin's novel, and at the same time, reflecting on the way to seek ecological salvation in the novel.