春城昆明旅游气候环境舒适度评价研究
Evaluation Research on the Tourism Climatic Environment Comfort in Spring City Kunming

旅游气候环境舒适度是将气候条件作用于人体感官形成的感知评价，进而影响旅游者和居住者的活动。本文基于昆明气象站观测数据，计算了昆明6种旅游气候环境舒适度指数并对其月际变化特征进行了分析，结果表明：(1) 昆明人居环境舒适度为舒适–偏冷型，全年舒适天数达178.5 d，占全年的48.9%，人居环境舒适度优良；(2) 昆明风寒指数以凉爽–清凉型为主，合计349.5 d，占全年的95.8%，风寒指数优越；(3) 昆明人体舒适度气象指数以舒适–偏凉型为主，合计262.4 d，占全年的71.9%，人体舒适度优良；(4) 昆明度假气候指数以适宜为主，适宜及以上等级天气累计320.1 d，占全年的87.7%，度假气候指数优越；(5) 昆明旅游气候指数以1~5级舒适天气为主，合计333.3 d，占全年的91.3%，旅游气候指数优越。(6) 昆明气候舒适度及适宜度强，舒适期长，季节变化明显。
Tourism climatic environment comfort is the perception evaluation formed by the action of climate conditions on human senses, and then affects the activities of tourists and residents. Based on the observation data of Kunming weather station, this paper calculates 6 kinds of tourism climatic and environment comfort indexes in Kunming and analyzes their monthly variation characteristics. The results show that: (1) the comfort level of human living environment in Kunming is cozy-cold type, the number of comfortable days in the whole year is 178.5 d, accounting for 48.9% of the whole year, and the comfort level of human living environment is excellent; (2) The wind chill index in Kunming was mainly cool-refreshing type, with a total of 349.5 d, accounting for 95.8% of the whole year, and the wind chill index was superior; (3) The meteorological index of human comfort in Kunming is mainly comfort-cool type, with a total of 262.4 d, accounting for 71.9% of the whole year, and the human comfort is excellent; (4) The holiday climate index of Kunming is mainly suitable, and the weather of suitable and above grade has accumulated 320.1 days, accounting for 87.7% of the whole year, and the holiday climate index is superior; (5) The tourism climate index of Kunming is dominated by 1-5 comfortable weather, with a total of 333.3 d, accounting for 91.3% of the whole year, and the tourism climate index is superior. (6) Kunming has strong climate comfort and suitability, long comfort periods and obvious seasonal changes.