|
|
Applied Physics 2023
X射线脉冲星导航探测器研究进展
|
Abstract:
X射线脉冲星导航作为新兴的航天器自主导航技术，具有抗干扰能力强、自主性强、导航误差小等优势，被多个国家规划为重要的发展项目。脉冲星探测存在X射线辐射流量微弱、空间本底噪声大、X射线易散射等问题，因此高灵敏度、高精度的X射线探测器系统的研制具有极其重要的意义。本文介绍了X射线脉冲星导航的基本流程和X射线脉冲星探测的发展历程，重点介绍了几种常用X射线探测器和X射线探测器系统，并对X射线探测技术的未来发展进行了展望。
As an emerging autonomous navigation technology for spacecraft, X-ray pulsar navigation has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, strong autonomy and small navigation error, and has been planned as an important development project by many countries. There are some problems in Pulsar detection, such as weak X-ray radiation flow, large space background noise, and easy scattering of X-rays. Therefore, the development of a high-sensitivity and high-precision X-ray detector system is of great significance. In this paper, the basic process of X-ray pulsar navigation and the development of X-ray pulsar detection are introduced, with emphasis on several commonly used X-ray detectors and X-ray detector systems, and the future development of X-ray detection technology is prospected.
| [1] | 谢军, 贝晓敏, 张恒彬, 陈强, 冷晗阳, 岳鹏毅. 基于X射线光子强度关联的脉冲星角位置测量方法与地面验证[J/OL]. 中国空间科学技术, 2023: 1-9. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.1859.V.20230512.1812.004.html, 2023-05-12. |
| [2] | 李连升, 梅志武, 谢军, 姜坤, 石永强, 曹振, 左富昌. X射线聚焦光学在脉冲星探测领域的应用[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(3): 8-25+3. |
| [3] | 金东东, 李文彬, 连剑, 等. X射线脉冲星光子聚焦技术发展研究[J]. 空间电子技术, 2016, 13(2): 67-73. |
| [4] | 宋佳凝, 徐国栋, 李鹏飞. 基于相位差测量的脉冲星时间相对导航方法[J]. 宇航学报, 2016, 37(11): 1304-1311. |
| [5] | 赵聪聪. X射线脉冲星信号的TOA估计与辨识研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.27389/d.cnki.gxadu.2019.001127 |
| [6] | 李连升, 梅志武, 吕政欣, 邓楼楼, 刘继红, 陈建武, 石永强, 左富昌. X射线脉冲星导航探测技术发展综述[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2017, 38(5): 1-9. |
| [7] | Wang, Y., Zheng, W., Zhang, S., et al. (2023) Review of X-Ray Pulsar Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.03.002 |
| [8] | 郑伟, 王禹淞, 姜坤, 王奕迪. X射线脉冲星导航方法研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(3): 26-42. |
| [9] | 李建勋, 柯熙政. 基于脉冲星定时模型的自主导航定位方法[J]. 中国科学(G辑: 物理学力学天文学), 2009, 39(2): 311-317. |
| [10] | Rad, A.M. and Azari, L.V. (2014) Determining At-titude and Position in Deep Space Missions Using X Ray Pulsars. International Journal of Astronomy and Astro-physics, 4, 628-648. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2014.44058 |
| [11] | Hewish, A.R., Bell, S.J., Pilkington, J.D.H., et al. (1968) Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source. Nature, 217, 709-713. https://doi.org/10.1038/217709a0 |
| [12] | Downs, G.S. (1974) Interplanetary Navigation Using Pulsating Radio Sources. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC. |
| [13] | Chester, T.J. and Butman, S.A. (1981) Navigation Using X-Ray Pulsars. TDA Progress Report 42-63.
https://tmo.jpl.nasa.gov/progress_report/42-63/63F.PDF |
| [14] | Ray, P.S., Wood, K.S., Fritz, G., et al. (2001) The USA X-Ray Timing Experiment. AIP Conference Proceedings, 599, 336-345. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1434646 |
| [15] | Bozzo, E. and Consortium, F. (2013) The Large Observatory for X-Ray Timing: LOFT. Experimental Astronomy, 34, 415-444. |
| [16] | Harrison, F.A., Craig, W.W., Christensen, F.E., et al. (2013) The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) High-Energy X-Ray Mission. The Astrophysical Journal, 770, 103. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/103 |
| [17] | Collier, M.R., Porter, F.S., Sibeck, D.G., et al. (2015) First Flight in Space of a Wide-Field-of-View Soft X-Ray Imager Using Lobster-Eye Optics: Instrument Description and Initial Flight Results. Review of Scientific Instruments, 86, 105-126. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4927259 |
| [18] | Singh, K.P., Tandon, S.N., Agrawal, P.C., et al. (2014) Astrosat Mis-sion. In: Takahashi, T., den Herder, J.-W.A. and Bautz, M., Eds., Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ul-traviolet to Gamma Ray, SPIE, Montréal, 91441S.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2062667 |
| [19] | 薛力军, 丁强强, 何民, 郑靖. “脉冲星试验卫星”顺利升空[J]. 国际太空, 2016(11): 13-19. |
| [20] | Shi, Y., Mei, Z., He, Y., et al. (2020) Ground Calibration and In-Orbit Performance of the Time-Resolved Soft X-Ray Spectrometer on Board XPNAV-1. Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instru-ments, and Systems, 6, Article ID: 034006. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.6.3.034006 |
| [21] | 姜坤, 焦文海, 郝晓龙, 刘莹, 王奕迪, 张新源, 国际. 脉冲星试验01星科学试验与成果[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(3): 97-106. |
| [22] | 张大鹏, 呼延宗泊, 李恒年. 基于卫星实测数据的X射线脉冲星导航体制验证[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(3): 116-123. |
| [23] | 全林, 欧阳晓平. 脉冲星导航X射线探测技术综述[J]. 现代应用物理, 2014, 5(2): 98-103. |
| [24] | 宋凝芳, 张俊敏, 郑伊茜, 金靖, 潘雄. 基于脉冲星导航系统的X射线探测器[J]. 中国惯性技术学报, 2008, 16(6): 682-686. |
| [25] | 郄晓雨, 郭思明, 郭锴悦, 等. 硅漂移探测器探测效率标定研究[J]. 电子测量与仪器学报, 2022, 36(10): 49-54.
https://doi.org/10.13382/j.jemi.B2205413 |
| [26] | Fraser, G.W. (2009) X-Ray Detectors in Astronomy. Cam-bridge Astrophysics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. |
| [27] | 陶凯, 杜向阳, 邓长明, 等. 大面积闭气正比计数器的研究进展[J]. 核电子学与探测技术, 2011, 31(8): 928-929.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-0934.2011.08.025 |
| [28] | 孙书坤. 基于MCP的X射线脉冲星导航探测器定时系统研制[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. |
| [29] | Kowalski, M., Wood, D., Fritz, G., et al. (2001) The Unconventional Stellar Aspect (USA) Experiment on ARGOS. AIAA Space Conference & Exposition, Albuquerque, 28-30 August 2001, 1.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4664 |
| [30] | 梁腾. 基于RXTE实测数据的X射线脉冲星信号特征研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2014. |
| [31] | Pravdo, S.H., Angelini, L. and Harding, A.K. (1997) X-Ray Spectral Evolution of the Crab Pulse. Astrophysical Journal, 491, 808-815. https://doi.org/10.1086/304996 |
| [32] | Matteson, J. (1978) The UCSD/MIT Hard X-Ray and Low Energy Gamma-Ray Experiment for HEAO-1—Design and Early Results. AIAA, Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Huntsville, 16-18 January 1978.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-35 |
| [33] | 周庆勇, 盛立志, 魏子卿, 刘思伟, 陈琛, 姬剑锋, 任红飞, 马高峰, 张彩红, 孙鹏飞. 微通道板型X射线探测器的脉冲信号探测能力实验分析[J]. 光子学报, 2018, 47(9): 175-185. |
| [34] | 徐延庭, 宫超林, 胡慧君, 张玉兔, 邵思霈, 史钰峰, 宋娟, 宋晓林. 脉冲星MCP探测器设计与在轨验证[J]. 航天器工程, 2018, 27(5): 114-119. |
| [35] | 张鹏飞. 耀变体3C 273的Chandra X射线卫星数据处理[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 昆明: 云南大学, 2013. |
| [36] | 周红平. CCD图像传感器原理[J]. 中国新技术新产品, 2009(20): 28-29.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-9957.2009.20.022 |
| [37] | 熊平. CCD与CMOS图像传感器特点比较[J]. 半导体光电, 2004, 25(1): 1-4, 42.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5868.2004.01.001 |
| [38] | Mitsuda, K., Bautz, M., Inoue, H., et al. (2007) The X-Ray Observatory Suzaku. PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59, S1-S7. |
| [39] | 孟祥承. 新型半导体探测器发展和应用[J]. 核电子学与探测技术, 2004, 24(1): 87-96.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0258-0934.2004.01.025 |
| [40] | 廖非易, 李高财, 雷林, 等. 硅辐射探测器的研究进展[J]. 云南化工, 2022, 49(5): 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-275X.2022.05.01 |
| [41] | Gatti, E. and Rehak, P. (1984) Semiconductor Drift Chamber—An Application of a Novel Charge Transport Scheme. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Re-search, 225, 608-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5087(84)90113-3 |
| [42] | Gendreau, K.C., Arzoumanian, Z. and Okajima, T. (2012) The Neutron Star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER): An Explorer Mission of Op-portunity for Soft X-Ray Timing Spectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engi-neering, 8443, Article ID: 844313. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926396 |
| [43] | 乔黎, 刘建业, 郑广楼, 贺亮, 熊智. 基于X射线脉冲星导航系统探测器研究[J]. 传感器与微系统, 2008(1): 9-11+14. https://doi.org/10.13873/j.1000-97872008.01.007 |
| [44] | 周庆勇, 魏子卿, 姜坤, 刘思伟, 郑伟, 史钰锋, 王奕迪, 杨彦佶, 胡慧君, 金东东, 宋娟, 孙鹏飞, 宋昊磊. 面向脉冲星导航的聚焦型X射线探测器测试标定方法研究[J]. 光子学报, 2020, 49(6): 27-39. |
| [45] | 宋娟. 基于脉冲星导航的MCP空间X射线探测器关键技术的研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 西安: 中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所), 2014. |
| [46] | Hiraga, J.S., et al. (2007) A Novel Multi-Collimator Using BP-1 Glass and an Application for X-Ray CCDs. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 573, 236-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.391 |
| [47] | 金颖康, 吴枚, 金永杰, 等. HXMT准直器方案的优化设计[J]. 高能物理与核物理, 2007(7): 612-616. |
| [48] | 郑春晓, 蔡明生, 胡一鸣, 等. 硬X射线成像望远镜系统初步研究[J]. 天文学报, 2014, 55(2): 154-169.
https://doi.org/10.15940/j.cnki.0001-5245.2014.02.004 |
| [49] | 李艺杰, 肖君, 陈宜方, 等. 电子束直写大深宽比Si3N4薄膜支撑的光栅X射线准直器[J]. 光学精密工程, 2022, 30(10): 1181-1188. https://doi.org/10.37188/OPE.20223010.1181 |
| [50] | 李文彬. 龙虾眼X射线脉冲星导航探测器研制[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.7666/d.D01589907 |
| [51] | 强鹏飞, 盛立志, 李林森, 等. X射线聚焦望远镜光学设计[J]. 物理学报, 2019, 68(16): 21-26.
https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.68.20190709 |
| [52] | Kirkpatrick, P. and Baez, A.V. (1948) Formation of Optical Images by X-Rays. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 38, 766-774. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.38.000766 |
| [53] | Raimondi, L. and Spiga, D. (2011) Point Spread Function of Real Wolter-I X-Ray Mirrors: Computation by Means of the Huygens-Fresnel Principle. Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy V, 8147, 81470Z.
https://doi.org/10.1117/12.895321 |
| [54] | 赵子健, 王于仨, 张留洋, 等. Wolter-I型聚焦镜X射线光学实验与仿真[J]. 光学精密工程, 2019, 27(11): 2330-2336. https://doi.org/10.3788/OPE.20192711.2330 |
| [55] | Angel, J.R.P. (1979) Lobster Eyes as X-Ray Telescopes. The Astrophysical Journal, 233, 364-373.
https://doi.org/10.1086/157397 |
| [56] | 吴耀军, 帅平. 美国“钱德拉X射线天文台”浅析[J]. 国际太空, 2013(10): 32-36. |
| [57] | Serlemitsos, P.J., Yang, S., Kai-Wing, C., et al. (2007) The X-Ray Telescope Onboard Su-zaku. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 59, 9-21. |
| [58] | 黎月明, 杨健, 左富昌, 等. X射线反射镜NiP芯模超精密车削技术研究[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2022, 51(7): 380-386. |
| [59] | 祝宇轩. EP卫星FXT聚焦镜研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.27162/d.cnki.gjlin.2022.000317 |
| [60] | 李蕾. X射线像素探测器中低噪声前端电路的设计[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021. |
| [61] | 江劲波. 基于可分离编码孔径的压缩成像方法研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 合肥: 安徽大学, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.26917/d.cnki.ganhu.2022.000395 |
| [62] | 丁陶伟, 帅平. 美国脉冲星导航空间飞行试验进展[J]. 国际太空, 2020(10): 7-14. |
| [63] | 祝宇轩, 陆景彬, 陈勇, 等. EP-FXT聚焦镜真实表面状态的性能模拟方法[J]. 物理学报, 2022, 71(12): 16-26. |
