|
|
大学生依恋焦虑和怀疑伴侣心理出轨的关系：有调节的中介模型
|
Abstract:
为探讨大学生依恋焦虑与怀疑伴侣心理出轨的关系，以及承诺水平和性别在二者关系中的作用机制，采用依恋焦虑量表、承诺水平问卷和心理出轨量表对466名有过恋爱经历的大学生进行调查。结果：1) 大学生依恋焦虑能显著正向预测怀疑伴侣心理出轨；2) 承诺水平在大学生依恋焦虑与怀疑伴侣心理出轨之间存在遮蔽效应，即高依恋焦虑的大学生会提高其对伴侣的承诺水平，从而减少对怀疑伴侣心理出轨的程度；3) 在依恋焦虑通过承诺水平影响怀疑伴侣心理出轨的后半路径(即承诺水平与怀疑伴侣出轨之间)，性别起调节作用，较之女生，高承诺水平的男生更不易怀疑伴侣心理出轨。提升恋爱关系中的承诺水平可以减少高依恋焦虑者怀疑伴侣出轨程度，且这一影响过程在男生群体中更为显著，这一研究结果为促进恋爱关系稳定性，形成积极浪漫关系模式有重要启发意义。
To explore the relationship between attachment anxiety and suspicion of partner psychological in-fidelity among college students, as well as the mechanisms of commitment level and gender in the relationship, 466 college students who had experienced love were surveyed using the Attachment Anxiety Scale, Commitment Level Questionnaire, and Psychological infidelity Scale. Result: 1) At-tachment anxiety among college students can significantly positively predict suspected partner psychological infidelity; 2) There is a masking effect between the level of commitment in college students’ attachment anxiety and suspicion of partner psychological infidelity, that is, high attach-ment anxiety college students will increase their commitment level to their partner, thereby re-ducing the degree of psychological infidelity towards their suspected partner; 3) In attachment anxiety, the second half of the path of suspected partner psychological infidelity is influenced by the level of commitment (i.e. between the level of commitment and the suspected partner’s infidelity), and gender plays a moderating role. Compared to girls, boys with high levels of commitment are less likely to suspect partner psychological infidelity. Improving the level of commitment in roman-tic relationships can reduce the level of suspicion of partner infidelity among high attachment anxi-ety individuals, and this influence process is more significant in the male population. This research result has important implications for promoting the stability of romantic relationships and forming a positive romantic relationship model.
| [1] | 李同归, 加藤和生(2006). 成人依恋的测量: 亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版. 心理学报, (3), 399-406. |
| [2] | 陆爱桃, 张积家, Michael, Harris, Bond, 张学新(2012). 情侣依恋与情感投入: 性别的调节作用. 心理科学, 35(3), 654-658. |
| [3] | 张璐, 豆永宝, 刘丽红, 张丽, 金童林(2017). 大学生心理出轨问卷的初步编制. 心理技术与应用, 5(9), 553-559, 576. |
| [4] | 翟淑娜(2015). 大学生亲密关系中的牺牲动机及其对关系质量的影响. 硕士学位论文, 郑州: 河南大学. |
| [5] | Agnew, C. R., Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E. et al. (1998). Cognitive Interdependence: Commitment and the Mental Representation of Close Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 939-954.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.939 |
| [6] | Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1997). Cognitive Interdependence: Commitment and the Mental Representation of Close Relationships. Journal of Per-sonality and Social Psychology, 74, 939-954.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.939 |
| [7] | Allen, E. S., Atkins, D., Baucom, D., Snyder, D., Gordon, K., & Glass, S. (2005). Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Contextual Factors in Engaging in and Responding to Extramarital In-volvement. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 101-130. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi014 |
| [8] | Barta, W. D., & Kiene, S. M. (2005). Motivations for Infidelity in Heterosexual Dating Couples: The Roles of Gender, Personality Differences, and Sociosexual Orientation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 339-360.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505052440 |
| [9] | Baumgartner, T., Fischbacher, U., Feierabend, A., Lutz, K., & Fehr, E. (2009). The Neural Circuitry of a Broken Promise. Neuron, 64, 756-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2009.11.017 |
| [10] | Blow, A., & Hartnett, K. (2005). Infidelity in Committed Relation-ships II: A Substantive Review. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31, 217-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01556.x |
| [11] | Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. Basic Books. |
| [12] | Buss, D. M., Larsen, R. J., Westen, D., & Semmelroth, J. (1992). Sex Differences in Jealousy: Evolution, Physiology, and Psychology. Psychological Science, 3, 251-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00038.x |
| [13] | Cassidy, J. (2000). Adult Romantic Attachments: A Devel-opmental Perspective on Individual Differences. Review of General Psychology, 4, 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.111 |
| [14] | Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1988). Homicide. Aldine de Gruy-ter. |
| [15] | Dandurand, C., Bouaziz, A. R., & Lafontaine, M. F. (2013). Attachment and Couple Satisfaction: The Mediating Effect of Approach and Avoidance Commitment. Journal of Relationships Research, 4, E3. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2013.3 |
| [16] | Drigotas, S. M., Safstrom, C. A., & Gentilia, T. (1999). An Investment Model Prediction of Dating Infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 509-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.509 |
| [17] | Eaves, S. H., & Robertson, S. M. (2007). The Relationship between Self Worth and Marital Infidelity: A Pilot Study. The Family Journal, 15, 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480707305468 |
| [18] | Etcheverry, P. E., Le, B., Wu, T. F., & Wei, M. (2013). Attachment and the Investment Model: Predictors of Relationship Commitment, Maintenance, and Persistence. Personal Relationships, 20, 546-567.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01423.x |
| [19] | Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R. (2000). Adult Romantic At-tachment: Theoretical Developments, Emerging Controversies, and Unanswered Questions. Review of General Psychology, 4, 132-154. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.2.132 |
| [20] | Garg, A., & Ruhela, S. (2015). Investigation of Attitude of College Youth towards Infidelity. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research, 4, 72-75. |
| [21] | Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press. |
| [22] | Harris, C. R. (2004). The Evolution of Jealousy: Did Men and Women, Facing Different Selective Pressures, Evolve Different “Brands” of Jealousy? Recent Evidence Sug-gests Not. American Scientist, 92, 62-71.
https://doi.org/10.1511/2004.1.62 |
| [23] | Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. The Guilford Press. |
| [24] | Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process. Journal of Personality and Social Relationships, 52, 522-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511 |
| [25] | Ismayilov, H., & Potters, J. (2016). Why Do Promises Affect Trustworthiness, or Do They? Experimental Economics, 19, 382-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-015-9444-1 |
| [26] | Joel, S., MacDonald, G., & Shimotomai, A. (2011). Conflicting Pressures on Romantic Relationship Commitment for Anxiously Attached Individuals. Journal of Personality, 79, 51-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00680.x |
| [27] | Josephs, L., & Shimberg, J. (2010). The Dynamics of Sexual Fidelity. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 27, 273-295.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020455 |
| [28] | Leeker, O., & Carlozzi, A. (2014). Effects of Sex, Sexual Orientation, Infidelity Expectations, and Love on Distress Related to Emotional and Sexual Infidelity. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 40, 68-91.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2012.00331.x |
| [29] | Mattingly, B. A., Clark, E. M., Weidler, D. J., Bullock, M., Hackathorn, J., & Blankmeyer, K. (2011). Sociosexual Orientation, Commitment, and Infidelity: A Mediation Analysis. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151, 222-226.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540903536162 |
| [30] | McAndrew, F. T., & Shah, S. S. (2013). Sex Differences in Jeal-ousy over Facebook Activity. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 2603-2606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.030 |
| [31] | Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change. Guilford. |
| [32] | Mikulincer, M., Gillath, O., & Shaver, P. R. (2002). Activation of At-tachment System in Adulthood: Threat-Related Primes Increase the Accessibility of Mental Representations of Attachment Figures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 881-895. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.881 |
| [33] | Ong, A., Poon, P., Sibya, S., & Macapagal, E. (2014). Gender, Adult Attachment Styles, and the Tendency to Commit Dating Infidelity: A Mixed Methods Study. Philippine Journal of Psychol-ogy, 47, 93-116. |
| [34] | Rholes, S. W., & Simpson, J. A. (2004). Attachment Theory: Basic Concepts and Contemporary Questions. In S. W. Rholes, & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (pp. 3-14). Guilford Press. |
| [35] | Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A Longitudinal Test of the Investment Model: The Development (and Deterioration) of Satisfaction and Commitment in Heterosexual Involvement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 101-117.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101 |
| [36] | Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J, Whitney, G. A. et al. (1991). Accommoda-tion Processes in Close Relationships: Theory and Preliminary Empirical Evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 60, 53-78.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.53 |
| [37] | Rusbult, C., Martz, J., & Agnew, C. (1998). The Investment Model Scale: Measuring Commitment Level, Satisfaction Level, Quality of Alternatives, and Investment Size. Personal Relation-ships, 5, 357-387.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00177.x |
| [38] | Seiffge-Krenke, I., & Burk, W. J. (2015). The Dark Side of Romantic Relationships: Aggression in Adolescent Couples and Links to Attachment. Mental Health and Prevention, 3, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2015.05.004 |
| [39] | Shackelford, T. K. (2001). Self-Esteem in Marriage. Person-ality and Individual Differences, 30, 371-390.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00023-4 |
| [40] | Simpson, J. A., & Rholes, W. S. (1994). Stress and Secure Base Relationships in Adulthood. In K. Bartholomew, & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment Processes in Adulthood (pp. 181-204). Jessica Kingsley. |
| [41] | Slotter, E. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2009). The Strange Case of Sustained Dedication to an Unfulfilling Relationship: Predicting Commitment and Breakup from Attachment Anxiety and Need Fulfillment within Relationships. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208325244 |
| [42] | Spanier, G. B., & Margolis, R. L. (1983). Marital Separation and Extramarital Sexual Behavior. Journal of Sex Research, 19, 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498309551167 |
| [43] | Sternberg, R. J. (1986). A Triangular Theory of Love. Psychologi-cal Review, 93, 119-135.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.119 |
| [44] | Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriag, X. B., Wither, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to Sacrifice in Close Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psy-chology, 72, 1373-1395.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1373 |
| [45] | Zandbergen, D. L., & Brown, S. G. (2015). Culture and Gender Differences in Romantic Jealousy. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 122-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.035 |
