贵阳机场低能见度和低跑道视程特征及其影响机制分析
Characteristics of Low Visibility and Low Runway Visual Range at Guiyang Airport and Analysis of Impact Mechanism

利用贵阳龙洞堡机场2012~2022年逐分钟自动观测资料，对影响运行的能见度低于800 m (低能见度)和跑道视程(RVR)低于550 m (低RVR)时次的出现次数进行统计，并分析对应气温、相对湿度、风向风速的频率分布。结果表明：贵阳机场年低能见度和低RVR日均呈显著的下降趋势。季节变化特征分别为：夏季 > 冬季 > 春季 > 秋季、夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季。月变化趋势比较一致，全年均可出现。峰值均为8月，谷值均为12月。日变化呈单峰型分布，峰值均为北京时间07时，均主要出现在05~09时，11~次日01时均很少出现。低能见度和低RVR持续时间与频率大致成反比，主要分布在0~4 h (均占64%)，低能见度在1 (含)~2 h频率最高、低RVR在1 h内频率最高。低能见度和低RVR时气温主要在10~20℃、相对湿度 ≥ 95%、风向为东北风或偏北风、风速 ≤ 2 m/s。低能见度和低RVR均在200~500 m占比最多；低能见度在100~200 m占比最少，低RVR 在50~150 m占比最少。
Using minute by minute automatic observation data from Guiyang Longdongbao Airport from 2012 to 2022, the frequency of occurrences of visibility below 800 m (low visibility) and runway visual range (RVR) below 550 m (low RVR) that affect operation was statistically analyzed, and the frequency distribution of corresponding temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed was analyzed. The results show that the low visibility and low RVR of Guiyang Airport show a significant downward trend on a daily basis. The seasonal variation characteristics are: summer > winter > spring > autumn, and summer > spring > autumn > winter. The monthly trend is relatively consistent and can occur throughout the year. The peak values are all in August, and the valley values are all in December. The daily variation shows a unimodal distribution, with peaks occurring at 7:00 am Beijing time, mainly between 05:00 and 09:00, and rarely between 11:00 am and 01:00 the next day. The duration of low visibility and low RVR is roughly inversely proportional to frequency, mainly distributed in 0~4 hours (both accounting for 64%). Low visibility has the highest frequency in 1~2 hours, and low RVR has the highest frequency within 1 hour. At low visibility and low RVR, the temperature is mainly between 10-20 ℃, the relative humidity is ≥ 95%, the wind direction is northeast or northerly, and the wind speed is ≤ 2m/s. Both low visibility and low RVR have the highest proportion at 200~500 meters; The proportion of low visibility is the least at 100~200m, and the proportion of low RVR is the least at 50~150 m.