小学高年级语文课后作业分层优化设计研究——以小学语文部编版教材为例
A Study on the Hierarchical Optimal Design of Homework after Chinese Class in the Higher Grade of Primary School—Taking the Textbook of Chinese Compulsory Education in Primary School as an Example

课后作业是小学语文教学设计的重要组成部分，对于学生课堂所学知识的巩固运用以及学生个体自我发展具有重要的意义。随着年龄的增长和学习经验的累加，小学高年级学生的个体认知以及知识背景显示出较强的复杂性和差异性，课后作业呈现出“一刀切”、形式单一、作业总量多、难度较大等种种问题，因此提高此阶段学生的作业优化分层设计显得尤为重要。本文从小学高年级语文课后作业分层优化设计角度出发，尊重学生个体差异性，依据学生水平维度、内容难度维度对其进行分层，同时将同一类别的课文体裁作业划分为初级、中级和高级三个难度层次，以满足不同发展水平的学生需求，切实贴合学生现有发展状态，充分发挥作业的育人功能，提高作业优化设计水平，为学生设计优质科学的课后作业。
Homework is an important part of primary school Chinese teaching design, which is of great significance for the consolidation and application of students’ classroom knowledge and students’ individual self-development. With the increase of age and the accumulation of learning experience, the individual cognition and knowledge background of senior primary school students show strong complexity and differences. After-class homework presents a variety of problems, such as “one size fits all”, single form, large amount of homework, difficulty and so on, so it is particularly important to improve the hierarchical design of students’ homework at this stage. From the point of view of the hierarchical and optimal design of after-class Chinese homework in the higher grade of primary school, this paper respects the individual differences of students and divides them according to the dimensions of students’ level and content difficulty. At the same time, the text genre assignments of the same category are divided into three difficulty levels: primary, intermediate and advanced, in order to meet the needs of students with different levels of development, fit in with the current state of students’ development, give full play to the educational function of homework and improve the level of homework optimization design and design high-quality and scientific after-school homework for students.