高速公路ETC车道车流的优化模型研究
Study on the Optimization Model of Traffic Flow in Toll Lanes of Expressway Toll Stations

高速公路ETC收费车道的过车能力在大部分时段存在冗余，且待收费车辆的车道选择惯性行为形成其不同的通行强度。为最大化各ETC收费车道效用及防止车流高峰时段惯用车道的交通拥堵，分析ETC车道饱和通行能力的基础上拟合其饱和车头时距，并提出一种ETC收费车道车流的优化模型：基于车道车流的饱和车头时距占比和差异，模型动态调整收费车道开放数及再分配各车道交通流，进而平衡各车道的通行强度及提高通行效率。基于贵阳西收费站而求解模型及仿真的结果表明：根据通车情景调整收费车道开放数且优化车流后，站点各车道的通行强度均衡值均提高20%以上、通行车辆延误时间缩短5%到8%。站点车流稳定条件下，根据车道利用率调整收费车道开放数并再分配其静态车流的方法可使高速公路ETC车道的通车效率更高，其车流优化的思路可为站点的智慧化管理提供参考。
The passing capacity of the expressway ETC toll lane is in excess most of the time, and the lane selection inertia of the vehicle forms its different traffic intensity. To maximize the utility of each ETC toll lane and prevent traffic congestion in the habitual lane during peak hours: firstly, we calculate and fit the saturated headway of the ETC toll lane; secondly, we propose an optimiza-tion model of the traffic flow of the ETC toll lane. Based on the proportion and difference of the saturated headway of the lane traffic, we dynamically adjust the number of toll lane openings and redistribute the traffic flow of each lane, to balance the traffic intensity and improve the traffic efficiency of each toll lane. Based on Guiyang West Toll Station, the results of solving the model and simulation show that: after adjusting the number of toll lanes open according to the opening scenario and optimizing the traffic flow, the traffic intensity balance value of toll lanes increases by more than 20%, and the delay time of passing vehicles is shortened by 5% to 8%. Under the condition of stable traffic flow at the station, the method adjusts the number of toll lane openings according to the utilization rate of the lane. By distributing its static traffic flow, the opening efficiency of the ETC lane of the expressway is higher. The traffic flow optimization can provide a reference to manage the station intelligently.