Background: In recent years, head and neck cancers have become common worldwide, ranking
sixth in incidence. In 2007, in France the incidence increased by 14,697 including
11,158 among men, which places them in fourth place. The same year, 32,268 patients
were hospitalized for this pathology, but 95% are associated with alcohol and tobacco
poisoning. Few data exist on these cancers in Africa and Senegal. In recent years,
many studies have hypothesized that about 25% of head and neck cancers are associated
with high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) whose role in cervical cancer
was already widely established. Objective: To know
the prevalence and genotypes of HPV in head and neck cancers, particularly hypopharyngeal
cancer. Material and method: This study was carried
out on samples of biopsies of hypopharynx cancerous tissue (ulcerative-budding lesion)
and healthy oropharyngeal tissue obtained from the ENT department of the Fann hospital,
then sent to the Molecular Biology Unit of the Ouakam military hospital (HMO). The
nucleic acids extraction was carried out using the standard method of the Zymo research
kit “Quick-DNATM Miniprep Plus kit” https://www.zymoresearch.com/. Molecular HPV detection and genotyping were performed
by multiplex RT-PCR with the Seegene AnyplexTM II HPV28 kit Detection
on a Biorad CFX96 automaton according to the manufacturer’s protocol for the simultaneous
genotyping of 28 types of HPV including 19 at High Risk (HR) and 9 low risk (LR). Results: 156 patients were sampled, 61 Hypopharynx cancer biopsies and 95
healthy tissues. The median age of the general population was 36.5 years [12, 73];
the median age of the population with hypopharyngeal cancer of 40 years. Of the
general study population 24.36% (38/156) was infected with HPV. In populations with
hypopharyngeal cancer, HPV prevalence was 19.67%
(12/61), 17.84% (5/28) in men and 21.21% (7/33) in women. HPV6 was the most frequently
encountered genotype in the cancer population. Multiple infections have also
been noted in cancer patients: HPV6+HPV18, HPV6+HPV56. For patients without
hypopharyngeal cancer, the HPV prevalence was 27.36% (26/95), 9.59% (7/73) in
women and 89.36% (19/22) in men. Several types of HPV-HR genotypes (HPV18,
HPV26, HPV69), and HPV-LR genotypes (HPV42, HPV43, HPV70, HPV6) have been
detected in healthy patients but also cases of co-infections (HPV6+HPV69;
HPV56+HPV44; HPV58+HPV18). Conclusion: Our results showed a higher prevalence of HPV in
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